---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Melt from supraglacial ice cliffs is an important contributor to the mass loss
    of debris-covered glaciers. However, ice cliff contribution is difficult to quantify
    as they are highly dynamic features, and the paucity of observations of melt rates
    and their variability leads to large modelling uncertainties. We quantify monsoon
    season melt and 3D evolution of four ice cliffs over two debris-covered glaciers
    in High Mountain Asia (Langtang Glacier, Nepal, and 24K Glacier, China) at very
    high resolution using terrestrial photogrammetry applied to imagery captured from
    time-lapse cameras installed on lateral moraines. We derive weekly flow-corrected
    digital elevation models (DEMs) of the glacier surface with a maximum vertical
    bias of ±0.2 m for Langtang Glacier and ±0.05 m for 24K Glacier and use change
    detection to determine distributed melt rates at the surfaces of the ice cliffs
    throughout the study period. We compare the measured melt patterns with those
    derived from a 3D energy balance model to derive the contribution of the main
    energy fluxes. We find that ice cliff melt varies considerably throughout the
    melt season, with maximum melt rates of 5 to 8 cm d−1, and their average melt
    rates are 11–14 (Langtang) and 4.5 (24K) times higher than the surrounding debris-covered
    ice. Our results highlight the influence of redistributed supraglacial debris
    on cliff melt. At both sites, ice cliff albedo is influenced by the presence of
    thin debris at the ice cliff surface, which is largely controlled on 24K Glacier
    by liquid precipitation events that wash away this debris. Slightly thicker or
    patchy debris reduces melt by 1–3 cm d−1 at all sites. Ultimately, our observations
    show a strong spatio-temporal variability in cliff area at each site, which is
    controlled by supraglacial streams and ponds and englacial cavities that promote
    debris slope destabilisation and the lateral expansion of the cliffs. These findings
    highlight the need to better represent processes of debris redistribution in ice
    cliff models, to in turn improve estimates of ice cliff contribution to glacier
    melt and the long-term geomorphological evolution of debris-covered glacier surfaces.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Marin
      foaf_name: Kneib, Marin
      foaf_surname: Kneib
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Evan S.
      foaf_name: Miles, Evan S.
      foaf_surname: Miles
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Pascal
      foaf_name: Buri, Pascal
      foaf_surname: Buri
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Stefan
      foaf_name: Fugger, Stefan
      foaf_surname: Fugger
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Michael
      foaf_name: McCarthy, Michael
      foaf_surname: McCarthy
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Thomas E.
      foaf_name: Shaw, Thomas E.
      foaf_surname: Shaw
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Zhao
      foaf_name: Chuanxi, Zhao
      foaf_surname: Chuanxi
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Martin
      foaf_name: Truffer, Martin
      foaf_surname: Truffer
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Matthew J.
      foaf_name: Westoby, Matthew J.
      foaf_surname: Westoby
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Wei
      foaf_name: Yang, Wei
      foaf_surname: Yang
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Francesca
      foaf_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
      foaf_surname: Pellicciotti
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
  bibo_doi: 10.5194/tc-16-4701-2022
  bibo_issue: '11'
  bibo_volume: 16
  dct_date: 2022^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1994-0424
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Copernicus Publications@
  dct_subject:
  - Earth-Surface Processes
  - Water Science and Technology
  dct_title: Sub-seasonal variability of supraglacial ice cliff melt rates and associated
    processes from time-lapse photogrammetry@
...