---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Accurate quantification of the spatial distribution of precipitation in mountain
    regions is crucial for assessments of water resources and for the understanding
    of high-altitude hydrology, yet it is one of the largest unknowns due to the lack
    of high-altitude observations. The Hunza basin in Pakistan contains very large
    glacier systems, which, given the melt, cannot persist unless precipitation (snow
    input) is much higher than what is observed at the meteorological stations, mostly
    located in mountain valleys. Several studies, therefore, suggest strong positive
    vertical precipitation lapse rates; in the present study, we quantify this lapse
    rate by using glaciers as a proxy. We assume a neutral mass balance for the glaciers
    for the period from 2001 to 2003, and we inversely model the precipitation lapse
    by balancing the total accumulation in the catchment area and the ablation over
    the glacier area for the 50 largest glacier systems in the Hunza basin in the
    Karakoram. Our results reveal a vertical precipitation lapse rate that equals
    0.21 ± 0.12% m−1, with a maximum precipitation at an elevation of 5500 masl. We
    showed that the total annual basin precipitation (828 mm) is 260% higher than
    what is estimated based on interpolated observations (319 mm); this has major
    consequences for hydrological modeling and water resource assessments in general.
    Our results were validated by using previously published studies on individual
    glaciers as well as the water balance of the Hunza basin. The approach is more
    widely applicable in mountain ranges where precipitation measurements at high
    altitude are lacking.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Walter Willem
      foaf_name: Immerzeel, Walter Willem
      foaf_surname: Immerzeel
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Francesca
      foaf_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
      foaf_surname: Pellicciotti
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Arun B.
      foaf_name: Shrestha, Arun B.
      foaf_surname: Shrestha
  bibo_doi: 10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00097.1
  bibo_issue: '1'
  bibo_volume: 32
  dct_date: 2012^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0276-4741
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1994-7151
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: International Mountain Society@
  dct_subject:
  - General Environmental Science
  - Development
  - Environmental Chemistry
  dct_title: Glaciers as a proxy to quantify the spatial distribution of precipitation
    in the Hunza basin@
...