---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Distributed glacier melt models generally assume that the glacier surface consists
    of bare exposed ice and snow. In reality, many glaciers are wholly or partially
    covered in layers of debris that tend to suppress ablation rates. In this paper,
    an existing physically based point model for the ablation of debris-covered ice
    is incorporated in a distributed melt model and applied to Haut Glacier d'Arolla,
    Switzerland, which has three large patches of debris cover on its surface. The
    model is based on a 10 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the area;
    each glacier pixel in the DEM is defined as either bare or debris-covered ice,
    and may be covered in snow that must be melted off before ice ablation is assumed
    to occur. Each debris-covered pixel is assigned a debris thickness value using
    probability distributions based on over 1000 manual thickness measurements. Locally
    observed meteorological data are used to run energy balance calculations in every
    pixel, using an approach suitable for snow, bare ice or debris-covered ice as
    appropriate. The use of the debris model significantly reduces the total ablation
    in the debris-covered areas, however the precise reduction is sensitive to the
    temperature extrapolation used in the model distribution because air near the
    debris surface tends to be slightly warmer than over bare ice. Overall results
    suggest that the debris patches, which cover 10% of the glacierized area, reduce
    total runoff from the glacierized part of the basin by up to 7%.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: T. D.
      foaf_name: Reid, T. D.
      foaf_surname: Reid
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: M.
      foaf_name: Carenzo, M.
      foaf_surname: Carenzo
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Francesca
      foaf_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
      foaf_surname: Pellicciotti
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: B. W.
      foaf_name: Brock, B. W.
      foaf_surname: Brock
  bibo_doi: 10.1029/2012jd017795
  bibo_issue: D18
  bibo_volume: 117
  dct_date: 2012^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0148-0227
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: American Geophysical Union@
  dct_subject:
  - Paleontology
  - Space and Planetary Science
  - Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
  - Atmospheric Science
  - Earth-Surface Processes
  - Geochemistry and Petrology
  - Soil Science
  - Water Science and Technology
  - Ecology
  - Aquatic Science
  - Forestry
  - Oceanography
  - Geophysics
  dct_title: Including debris cover effects in a distributed model of glacier ablation@
...