---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - '[1] During the ablation period 2001 a glaciometeorological experiment was carried
    out on Haut Glacier d''Arolla, Switzerland. Five meteorological stations were
    installed on the glacier, and one permanent automatic weather station in the glacier
    foreland. The altitudes of the stations ranged between 2500 and 3000 m a.s.l.,
    and they were in operation from end of May to beginning of September 2001. The
    spatial arrangement of the stations and temporal duration of the measurements
    generated a unique data set enabling the analysis of the spatial and temporal
    variability of the meteorological variables across an alpine glacier. All measurements
    were taken at a nominal height of 2 m, and hourly averages were derived for the
    analysis. The wind regime was dominated by the glacier wind (mean value 2.8 m
    s−1) but due to erosion by the synoptic gradient wind, occasionally the wind would
    blow up the valley. A slight decrease in mean 2 m air temperatures with altitude
    was found, however the 2 m air temperature gradient varied greatly and frequently
    changed its sign. Mean relative humidity was 71% and exhibited limited spatial
    variation. Mean incoming shortwave radiation and albedo both generally increased
    with elevation. The different components of shortwave radiation are quantified
    with a parameterization scheme. Resulting spatial variations are mainly due to
    horizon obstruction and reflections from surrounding slopes, i.e., topography.
    The effect of clouds accounts for a loss of 30% of the extraterrestrial flux.
    Albedos derived from a Landsat TM image of 30 July show remarkably constant values,
    in the range 0.49 to 0.50, across snow covered parts of the glacier, while albedo
    is highly spatially variable below the zone of continuous snow cover. These results
    are verified with ground measurements and compared with parameterized albedo.
    Mean longwave radiative fluxes decreased with elevation due to lower air temperatures
    and the effect of upper hemisphere slopes. It is shown through parameterization
    that this effect would even be more pronounced without the effect of clouds. Results
    are discussed with respect to a similar study which has been carried out on Pasterze
    Glacier (Austria). The presented algorithms for interpolating, parameterizing
    and simulating variables and parameters in alpine regions are integrated in the
    software package AMUNDSEN which is freely available to be adapted and further
    developed by the community.@eng'
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Ulrich
      foaf_name: Strasser, Ulrich
      foaf_surname: Strasser
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Javier
      foaf_name: Corripio, Javier
      foaf_surname: Corripio
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Francesca
      foaf_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
      foaf_surname: Pellicciotti
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Paolo
      foaf_name: Burlando, Paolo
      foaf_surname: Burlando
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Ben
      foaf_name: Brock, Ben
      foaf_surname: Brock
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Martin
      foaf_name: Funk, Martin
      foaf_surname: Funk
  bibo_doi: 10.1029/2003jd003973
  bibo_issue: D3
  bibo_volume: 109
  dct_date: 2004^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0148-0227
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: American Geophysical Union@
  dct_subject:
  - Paleontology
  - Space and Planetary Science
  - Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
  - Atmospheric Science
  - Earth-Surface Processes
  - Geochemistry and Petrology
  - Soil Science
  - Water Science and Technology
  - Ecology
  - Aquatic Science
  - Forestry
  - Oceanography
  - Geophysics
  dct_title: 'Spatial and temporal variability of meteorological variables at Haut
    Glacier d''Arolla (Switzerland) during the ablation season 2001: Measurements
    and simulations@'
...