---
_id: '13060'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Coinfections with multiple pathogens can result in complex within-host dynamics
    affecting virulence and transmission. Whilst multiple infections are intensively
    studied in solitary hosts, it is so far unresolved how social host interactions
    interfere with pathogen competition, and if this depends on coinfection diversity.
    We studied how the collective disease defenses of ants – their social immunity
    ­– influence pathogen competition in coinfections of same or different fungal
    pathogen species. Social immunity reduced virulence for all pathogen combinations,
    but interfered with spore production only in different-species coinfections. Here,
    it decreased overall pathogen sporulation success, whilst simultaneously increasing
    co-sporulation on individual cadavers and maintaining a higher pathogen diversity
    at the community-level. Mathematical modeling revealed that host sanitary care
    alone can modulate competitive outcomes between pathogens, giving advantage to
    fast-germinating, thus less grooming-sensitive ones. Host social interactions
    can hence modulate infection dynamics in coinfected group members, thereby altering
    pathogen communities at the host- and population-level.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Milutinovic, Barbara
  id: 2CDC32B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Milutinovic
  orcid: 0000-0002-8214-4758
- first_name: Miriam
  full_name: Stock, Miriam
  id: 42462816-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Stock
- first_name: Anna V
  full_name: Grasse, Anna V
  id: 406F989C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Grasse
- first_name: Elisabeth
  full_name: Naderlinger, Elisabeth
  id: 31757262-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Naderlinger
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hilbe, Christian
  id: 2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hilbe
  orcid: 0000-0001-5116-955X
- first_name: Sylvia
  full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
  id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Cremer
  orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
  ama: Milutinovic B, Stock M, Grasse AV, Naderlinger E, Hilbe C, Cremer S. Social
    immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens. 2020. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318">10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318</a>
  apa: Milutinovic, B., Stock, M., Grasse, A. V., Naderlinger, E., Hilbe, C., &#38;
    Cremer, S. (2020). Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens.
    Dryad. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318">https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318</a>
  chicago: Milutinovic, Barbara, Miriam Stock, Anna V Grasse, Elisabeth Naderlinger,
    Christian Hilbe, and Sylvia Cremer. “Social Immunity Modulates Competition between
    Coinfecting Pathogens.” Dryad, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318">https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318</a>.
  ieee: B. Milutinovic, M. Stock, A. V. Grasse, E. Naderlinger, C. Hilbe, and S. Cremer,
    “Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens.” Dryad,
    2020.
  ista: Milutinovic B, Stock M, Grasse AV, Naderlinger E, Hilbe C, Cremer S. 2020.
    Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens, Dryad, <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318">10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318</a>.
  mla: Milutinovic, Barbara, et al. <i>Social Immunity Modulates Competition between
    Coinfecting Pathogens</i>. Dryad, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318">10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318</a>.
  short: B. Milutinovic, M. Stock, A.V. Grasse, E. Naderlinger, C. Hilbe, S. Cremer,
    (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-05-23T16:11:22Z
date_published: 2020-12-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-06-12T07:32:35Z
day: '19'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: SyCr
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CRJDFN318
license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.crjdfn318
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Dryad
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '7343'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_0.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)
  short: CC0 (1.0)
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...