article published yes Pavol Cerny author 4DCBEFFE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 Edmund Clarke author Thomas A Henzinger author 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000−0002−2985−7724 Arjun Radhakrishna author 3B51CAC4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 Leonid Ryzhyk author Roopsha Samanta author 3D2AAC08-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 Thorsten Tarrach author 3D6E8F2C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0003-4409-8487 ToHe department Quantitative Reactive Modeling project Rigorous Systems Engineering project Formal methods for the design and analysis of complex systems project IST Austria Open Access Fund project We present a computer-aided programming approach to concurrency. The approach allows programmers to program assuming a friendly, non-preemptive scheduler, and our synthesis procedure inserts synchronization to ensure that the final program works even with a preemptive scheduler. The correctness specification is implicit, inferred from the non-preemptive behavior. Let us consider sequences of calls that the program makes to an external interface. The specification requires that any such sequence produced under a preemptive scheduler should be included in the set of sequences produced under a non-preemptive scheduler. We guarantee that our synthesis does not introduce deadlocks and that the synchronization inserted is optimal w.r.t. a given objective function. The solution is based on a finitary abstraction, an algorithm for bounded language inclusion modulo an independence relation, and generation of a set of global constraints over synchronization placements. Each model of the global constraints set corresponds to a correctness-ensuring synchronization placement. The placement that is optimal w.r.t. the given objective function is chosen as the synchronization solution. We apply the approach to device-driver programming, where the driver threads call the software interface of the device and the API provided by the operating system. Our experiments demonstrate that our synthesis method is precise and efficient. The implicit specification helped us find one concurrency bug previously missed when model-checking using an explicit, user-provided specification. We implemented objective functions for coarse-grained and fine-grained locking and observed that different synchronization placements are produced for our experiments, favoring a minimal number of synchronization operations or maximum concurrency, respectively. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/1338/4985/IST-2016-656-v1+1_s10703-016-0256-5.pdf application/pdfno Springer2017 eng 28490835 00039988890000110.1007/s10703-016-0256-5 502-397 - 139 https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/1729 Cerny P, Clarke E, Henzinger TA, Radhakrishna A, Ryzhyk L, Samanta R, Tarrach T. 2017. From non-preemptive to preemptive scheduling using synchronization synthesis. Formal Methods in System Design. 50(2–3), 97–139. Cerny P, Clarke E, Henzinger TA, et al. From non-preemptive to preemptive scheduling using synchronization synthesis. <i>Formal Methods in System Design</i>. 2017;50(2-3):97-139. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-016-0256-5">10.1007/s10703-016-0256-5</a> Cerny, P., Clarke, E., Henzinger, T. A., Radhakrishna, A., Ryzhyk, L., Samanta, R., &#38; Tarrach, T. (2017). From non-preemptive to preemptive scheduling using synchronization synthesis. <i>Formal Methods in System Design</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-016-0256-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-016-0256-5</a> P. Cerny, E. Clarke, T.A. Henzinger, A. Radhakrishna, L. Ryzhyk, R. Samanta, T. Tarrach, Formal Methods in System Design 50 (2017) 97–139. P. Cerny <i>et al.</i>, “From non-preemptive to preemptive scheduling using synchronization synthesis,” <i>Formal Methods in System Design</i>, vol. 50, no. 2–3. Springer, pp. 97–139, 2017. Cerny, Pavol, et al. “From Non-Preemptive to Preemptive Scheduling Using Synchronization Synthesis.” <i>Formal Methods in System Design</i>, vol. 50, no. 2–3, Springer, 2017, pp. 97–139, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-016-0256-5">10.1007/s10703-016-0256-5</a>. Cerny, Pavol, Edmund Clarke, Thomas A Henzinger, Arjun Radhakrishna, Leonid Ryzhyk, Roopsha Samanta, and Thorsten Tarrach. “From Non-Preemptive to Preemptive Scheduling Using Synchronization Synthesis.” <i>Formal Methods in System Design</i>. Springer, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-016-0256-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-016-0256-5</a>. 13382018-12-11T11:51:27Z2025-09-23T08:54:01Z