---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - High-resolution numerical simulations including feedback and aimed at calculating
    the escape fraction (fesc) of hydrogen-ionizing photons often assume stellar radiation
    based on single-stellar population synthesis models. However, strong evidence
    suggests the binary fraction of massive stars is ≳70%. Moreover, simulations so
    far have yielded values of fesc falling only on the lower end of the ∼10%–20%
    range, the amount presumed necessary to reionize the universe. Analyzing a high-resolution
    (4 pc) cosmological radiation-hydrodynamic simulation, we study how fesc changes
    when we include two different products of binary stellar evolution—stars stripped
    of their hydrogen envelopes and massive blue stragglers. Both produce significant
    amounts of ionizing photons 10–200 Myr after each starburst. We find the relative
    importance of these photons to be amplified with respect to escaped ionizing photons,
    because peaks in star formation rates (SFRs) and fesc are often out of phase by
    this 10–200 Myr. Additionally, low-mass, bursty galaxies emit Lyman continuum
    radiation primarily from binary products when SFRs are low. Observations of these
    galaxies by the James Webb Space Telescope could provide crucial information on
    the evolution of binary stars as a function of redshift. Overall, including stripped
    stars and massive blue stragglers increases our photon-weighted mean escape fraction
    ($\langle {f}_{\mathrm{esc}}\rangle $) by ∼13% and ∼10%, respectively, resulting
    in $\langle {f}_{\mathrm{esc}}\rangle =17 \% $. Our results emphasize that using
    updated stellar population synthesis models with binary stellar evolution provides
    a more sound physical basis for stellar reionization.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Amy
      foaf_name: Secunda, Amy
      foaf_surname: Secunda
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Renyue
      foaf_name: Cen, Renyue
      foaf_surname: Cen
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Taysun
      foaf_name: Kimm, Taysun
      foaf_surname: Kimm
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Ylva Louise Linsdotter
      foaf_name: Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter
      foaf_surname: Götberg
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d
    orcid: 0000-0002-6960-6911
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Selma E.
      foaf_name: de Mink, Selma E.
      foaf_surname: de Mink
  bibo_doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abaefa
  bibo_issue: '1'
  bibo_volume: 901
  dct_date: 2020^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0004-637X
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1538-4357
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: American Astronomical Society@
  dct_subject:
  - Space and Planetary Science
  - Astronomy and Astrophysics
  dct_title: Delayed photons from binary evolution help reionize the universe@
...