---
_id: '13991'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The prediction and realization of topological insulators have sparked great
    interest in experimental approaches to the classification of materials1,2,3. The
    phase transition between non-trivial and trivial topological states is important,
    not only for basic materials science but also for next-generation technology,
    such as dissipation-free electronics4. It is therefore crucial to develop advanced
    probes that are suitable for a wide range of samples and environments. Here we
    demonstrate that circularly polarized laser-field-driven high-harmonic generation
    is distinctly sensitive to the non-trivial and trivial topological phases in the
    prototypical three-dimensional topological insulator bismuth selenide5. The phase
    transition is chemically initiated by reducing the spin–orbit interaction strength
    through the substitution of bismuth with indium atoms6,7. We find strikingly different
    high-harmonic responses of trivial and non-trivial topological surface states
    that manifest themselves as a conversion efficiency and elliptical dichroism that
    depend both on the driving laser ellipticity and the crystal orientation. The
    origins of the anomalous high-harmonic response are corroborated by calculations
    using the semiconductor optical Bloch equations with pairs of surface and bulk
    bands. As a purely optical approach, this method offers sensitivity to the electronic
    structure of the material, including its nonlinear response, and is compatible
    with a wide range of samples and sample environments.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Heide, Christian
  last_name: Heide
- first_name: Yuki
  full_name: Kobayashi, Yuki
  last_name: Kobayashi
- first_name: Denitsa Rangelova
  full_name: Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova
  id: 71b4d059-2a03-11ee-914d-dfa3beed6530
  last_name: Baykusheva
- first_name: Deepti
  full_name: Jain, Deepti
  last_name: Jain
- first_name: Jonathan A.
  full_name: Sobota, Jonathan A.
  last_name: Sobota
- first_name: Makoto
  full_name: Hashimoto, Makoto
  last_name: Hashimoto
- first_name: Patrick S.
  full_name: Kirchmann, Patrick S.
  last_name: Kirchmann
- first_name: Seongshik
  full_name: Oh, Seongshik
  last_name: Oh
- first_name: Tony F.
  full_name: Heinz, Tony F.
  last_name: Heinz
- first_name: David A.
  full_name: Reis, David A.
  last_name: Reis
- first_name: Shambhu
  full_name: Ghimire, Shambhu
  last_name: Ghimire
citation:
  ama: Heide C, Kobayashi Y, Baykusheva DR, et al. Probing topological phase transitions
    using high-harmonic generation. <i>Nature Photonics</i>. 2022;16(9):620-624. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7">10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7</a>
  apa: Heide, C., Kobayashi, Y., Baykusheva, D. R., Jain, D., Sobota, J. A., Hashimoto,
    M., … Ghimire, S. (2022). Probing topological phase transitions using high-harmonic
    generation. <i>Nature Photonics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7</a>
  chicago: Heide, Christian, Yuki Kobayashi, Denitsa Rangelova Baykusheva, Deepti
    Jain, Jonathan A. Sobota, Makoto Hashimoto, Patrick S. Kirchmann, et al. “Probing
    Topological Phase Transitions Using High-Harmonic Generation.” <i>Nature Photonics</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7</a>.
  ieee: C. Heide <i>et al.</i>, “Probing topological phase transitions using high-harmonic
    generation,” <i>Nature Photonics</i>, vol. 16, no. 9. Springer Nature, pp. 620–624,
    2022.
  ista: Heide C, Kobayashi Y, Baykusheva DR, Jain D, Sobota JA, Hashimoto M, Kirchmann
    PS, Oh S, Heinz TF, Reis DA, Ghimire S. 2022. Probing topological phase transitions
    using high-harmonic generation. Nature Photonics. 16(9), 620–624.
  mla: Heide, Christian, et al. “Probing Topological Phase Transitions Using High-Harmonic
    Generation.” <i>Nature Photonics</i>, vol. 16, no. 9, Springer Nature, 2022, pp.
    620–24, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7">10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7</a>.
  short: C. Heide, Y. Kobayashi, D.R. Baykusheva, D. Jain, J.A. Sobota, M. Hashimoto,
    P.S. Kirchmann, S. Oh, T.F. Heinz, D.A. Reis, S. Ghimire, Nature Photonics 16
    (2022) 620–624.
date_created: 2023-08-09T13:07:51Z
date_published: 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T07:20:09Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/s41566-022-01050-7
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '9'
keyword:
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- and Optics
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 620-624
publication: Nature Photonics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1749-4893
  issn:
  - 1749-4885
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Probing topological phase transitions using high-harmonic generation
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2022'
...