--- _id: '1426' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Brood parasites exploit their host in order to increase their own fitness. Typically, this results in an arms race between parasite trickery and host defence. Thus, it is puzzling to observe hosts that accept parasitism without any resistance. The ‘mafia’ hypothesis suggests that these hosts accept parasitism to avoid retaliation. Retaliation has been shown to evolve when the hosts condition their response to mafia parasites, who use depredation as a targeted response to rejection. However, it is unclear if acceptance would also emerge when ‘farming’ parasites are present in the population. Farming parasites use depredation to synchronize the timing with the host, destroying mature clutches to force the host to re-nest. Herein, we develop an evolutionary model to analyse the interaction between depredatory parasites and their hosts. We show that coevolutionary cycles between farmers and mafia can still induce host acceptance of brood parasites. However, this equilibrium is unstable and in the long-run the dynamics of this host–parasite interaction exhibits strong oscillations: when farmers are the majority, accepters conditional to mafia (the host will reject first and only accept after retaliation by the parasite) have a higher fitness than unconditional accepters (the host always accepts parasitism). This leads to an increase in mafia parasites’ fitness and in turn induce an optimal environment for accepter hosts.' acknowledgement: C.H. gratefully acknowledges funding by the Schrödinger scholarship of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) J3475. article_number: '160036' author: - first_name: Maria full_name: Chakra, Maria last_name: Chakra - first_name: Christian full_name: Hilbe, Christian id: 2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hilbe orcid: 0000-0001-5116-955X - first_name: Arne full_name: Traulsen, Arne last_name: Traulsen citation: ama: Chakra M, Hilbe C, Traulsen A. Coevolutionary interactions between farmers and mafia induce host acceptance of avian brood parasites. Royal Society Open Science. 2016;3(5). doi:10.1098/rsos.160036 apa: Chakra, M., Hilbe, C., & Traulsen, A. (2016). Coevolutionary interactions between farmers and mafia induce host acceptance of avian brood parasites. Royal Society Open Science. Royal Society, The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160036 chicago: Chakra, Maria, Christian Hilbe, and Arne Traulsen. “Coevolutionary Interactions between Farmers and Mafia Induce Host Acceptance of Avian Brood Parasites.” Royal Society Open Science. Royal Society, The, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160036. ieee: M. Chakra, C. Hilbe, and A. Traulsen, “Coevolutionary interactions between farmers and mafia induce host acceptance of avian brood parasites,” Royal Society Open Science, vol. 3, no. 5. Royal Society, The, 2016. ista: Chakra M, Hilbe C, Traulsen A. 2016. Coevolutionary interactions between farmers and mafia induce host acceptance of avian brood parasites. Royal Society Open Science. 3(5), 160036. mla: Chakra, Maria, et al. “Coevolutionary Interactions between Farmers and Mafia Induce Host Acceptance of Avian Brood Parasites.” Royal Society Open Science, vol. 3, no. 5, 160036, Royal Society, The, 2016, doi:10.1098/rsos.160036. short: M. Chakra, C. Hilbe, A. Traulsen, Royal Society Open Science 3 (2016). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:57Z date_published: 2016-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:39Z day: '01' ddc: - '000' department: - _id: KrCh doi: 10.1098/rsos.160036 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: bf84211b31fe87451e738ba301d729c3 content_type: application/pdf creator: system date_created: 2018-12-12T10:14:49Z date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:53Z file_id: '5104' file_name: IST-2016-589-v1+1_160036.full.pdf file_size: 937002 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:53Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 3' issue: '5' language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Royal Society Open Science publication_status: published publisher: Royal Society, The publist_id: '5776' pubrep_id: '589' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: 1 status: public title: Coevolutionary interactions between farmers and mafia induce host acceptance of avian brood parasites tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 3 year: '2016' ...