{"acknowledgement":"All computational analyses were performed on the server at Institute of Science and Technology Austria. We thank Marwan Elkrewi and Vincent Bett for analytical advice, and Tanja Schwander and Vincent Merel for useful discussions. We also thank Matthew Hahn for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.","title":"The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta","quality_controlled":"1","date_published":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","type":"journal_article","volume":77,"_id":"14604","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpad169","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"14616"},{"id":"14617","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}],"link":[{"url":"https://git.ista.ac.at/bvicoso/veryoldx","relation":"software"}]},"intvolume":"        77","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","page":"2504-2511","date_updated":"2023-11-28T08:25:28Z","ddc":["570"],"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1558-5646"]},"citation":{"ieee":"M. A. Toups and B. Vicoso, “The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta,” <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 77, no. 11. Oxford University Press, pp. 2504–2511, 2023.","mla":"Toups, Melissa A., and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Insects Likely Predates the Origin of Class Insecta.” <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 77, no. 11, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 2504–11, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad169\">10.1093/evolut/qpad169</a>.","ista":"Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2023. The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta. Evolution. 77(11), 2504–2511.","ama":"Toups MA, Vicoso B. The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta. <i>Evolution</i>. 2023;77(11):2504-2511. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad169\">10.1093/evolut/qpad169</a>","apa":"Toups, M. A., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2023). The X chromosome of insects likely predates the origin of class Insecta. <i>Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad169\">https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad169</a>","short":"M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, Evolution 77 (2023) 2504–2511.","chicago":"Toups, Melissa A, and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Insects Likely Predates the Origin of Class Insecta.” <i>Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad169\">https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad169</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Sex chromosomes have evolved independently multiple times, but why some are conserved for more than 100 million years whereas others turnover rapidly remains an open question. Here, we examine the homology of sex chromosomes across nine orders of insects, plus the outgroup springtails. We find that the X chromosome is likely homologous across insects and springtails; the only exception is in the Lepidoptera, which has lost the X and now has a ZZ/ZW sex-chromosome system. These results suggest the ancestral insect X chromosome has persisted for more than 450 million years—the oldest known sex chromosome to date. Further, we propose that the shrinking of gene content the dipteran X chromosome has allowed for a burst of sex-chromosome turnover that is absent from other speciose insect orders."}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Evolution","oa":1,"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2023-11-28T08:12:15Z","file_name":"2023_Evolution_Toups.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":1399102,"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2023-11-28T08:12:15Z","file_id":"14618","checksum":"b66dc10edae92d38918d534e64dda77c"}],"file_date_updated":"2023-11-28T08:12:15Z","date_created":"2023-11-26T23:00:54Z","external_id":{"pmid":["37738212"]},"publisher":"Oxford University Press","issue":"11","pmid":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2023","author":[{"full_name":"Toups, Melissa A","last_name":"Toups","first_name":"Melissa A","orcid":"0000-0002-9752-7380","id":"4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Beatriz","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","last_name":"Vicoso","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"day":"02","article_type":"original","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","month":"11","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"}]}