{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Key innovations are fundamental to biological diversification, but their genetic basis is poorly understood. A recent transition from egg-laying to live-bearing in marine snails (Littorina spp.) provides the opportunity to study the genetic architecture of an innovation that has evolved repeatedly across animals. Individuals do not cluster by reproductive mode in a genome-wide phylogeny, but local genealogical analysis revealed numerous small genomic regions where all live-bearers carry the same core haplotype. Candidate regions show evidence for live-bearer–specific positive selection and are enriched for genes that are differentially expressed between egg-laying and live-bearing reproductive systems. Ages of selective sweeps suggest that live-bearer–specific alleles accumulated over more than 200,000 generations. Our results suggest that new functions evolve through the recruitment of many alleles rather than in a single evolutionary step."}],"year":"2024","page":"114-119","author":[{"id":"43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E","full_name":"Stankowski, Sean","last_name":"Stankowski","first_name":"Sean"},{"full_name":"Zagrodzka, Zuzanna B.","first_name":"Zuzanna B.","last_name":"Zagrodzka"},{"full_name":"Garlovsky, Martin D.","last_name":"Garlovsky","first_name":"Martin D."},{"full_name":"Pal, Arka","id":"6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E5697425","first_name":"Arka","last_name":"Pal","orcid":"0000-0002-4530-8469"},{"last_name":"Shipilina","orcid":"0000-0002-1145-9226","first_name":"Daria","id":"428A94B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shipilina, Daria"},{"full_name":"Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando","id":"ae681a14-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c6ef18161701","first_name":"Diego Fernando","last_name":"Garcia Castillo"},{"last_name":"Lifchitz","first_name":"Hila","id":"d6ab5470-2fb3-11ed-8633-986a9b84edac","full_name":"Lifchitz, Hila"},{"last_name":"Le Moan","first_name":"Alan","full_name":"Le Moan, Alan"},{"first_name":"Erica","last_name":"Leder","full_name":"Leder, Erica"},{"full_name":"Reeve, James","last_name":"Reeve","first_name":"James"},{"full_name":"Johannesson, Kerstin","first_name":"Kerstin","last_name":"Johannesson"},{"id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Westram, Anja M","last_name":"Westram","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969","first_name":"Anja M"},{"first_name":"Roger K.","last_name":"Butlin","full_name":"Butlin, Roger K."}],"day":"05","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       383","citation":{"mla":"Stankowski, Sean, et al. “The Genetic Basis of a Recent Transition to Live-Bearing in Marine Snails.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 383, no. 6678, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024, pp. 114–19, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982\">10.1126/science.adi2982</a>.","ista":"Stankowski S, Zagrodzka ZB, Garlovsky MD, Pal A, Shipilina D, Garcia Castillo DF, Lifchitz H, Le Moan A, Leder E, Reeve J, Johannesson K, Westram AM, Butlin RK. 2024. The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails. Science. 383(6678), 114–119.","ieee":"S. Stankowski <i>et al.</i>, “The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 383, no. 6678. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 114–119, 2024.","ama":"Stankowski S, Zagrodzka ZB, Garlovsky MD, et al. The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails. <i>Science</i>. 2024;383(6678):114-119. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982\">10.1126/science.adi2982</a>","chicago":"Stankowski, Sean, Zuzanna B. Zagrodzka, Martin D. Garlovsky, Arka Pal, Daria Shipilina, Diego Fernando Garcia Castillo, Hila Lifchitz, et al. “The Genetic Basis of a Recent Transition to Live-Bearing in Marine Snails.” <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982</a>.","apa":"Stankowski, S., Zagrodzka, Z. B., Garlovsky, M. D., Pal, A., Shipilina, D., Garcia Castillo, D. F., … Butlin, R. K. (2024). The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982</a>","short":"S. Stankowski, Z.B. Zagrodzka, M.D. Garlovsky, A. Pal, D. Shipilina, D.F. Garcia Castillo, H. Lifchitz, A. Le Moan, E. Leder, J. Reeve, K. Johannesson, A.M. Westram, R.K. Butlin, Science 383 (2024) 114–119."},"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"14812"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-snail-or-the-egg/","description":"News on ISTA Website","relation":"press_release"}]},"title":"The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1095-9203"]},"scopus_import":"1","volume":383,"date_published":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","external_id":{"pmid":["38175895"]},"date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z","month":"01","publication_status":"published","issue":"6678","publication":"Science","oa_version":"None","doi":"10.1126/science.adi2982","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"date_updated":"2024-03-05T09:35:25Z","type":"journal_article","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","acknowledgement":"We thank J. Galindo, M. Montaño-Rendón, N. Mikhailova, A. Blakeslee, E. Arnason, and P. Kemppainen for providing samples; R. Turney, G. Sotelo, J. Larsson, T. Broquet, and S. Loisel for help collecting samples; Science Animated for providing the snail cartoons shown in Fig. 1; M. Dunning for help in developing bioinformatic pipelines; R. Faria, H. Morales, and V. Sousa for advice; and M. Hahn, J. Slate, M. Ravinet, J. Raeymaekers, A. Comeault, and N. Barton for feedback on a draft manuscript.\r\nThis work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant NE/P001610/1 to R.K.B.), the European Research Council (grant ERC-2015-AdG693030-BARRIERS to R.K.B.), the Norwegian Research Council (RCN Project 315287 to A.M.W.), and the Swedish Research Council (grant 2020-05385 to E.L.).","_id":"14796","status":"public","article_type":"original"}