article published yes Brian R. Pauw author Glen J. Smales author Andy S. Anker author Venkatasamy Annadurai author Daniel Balazs author 302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E0000-0001-7597-043X Ralf Bienert author Wim G. Bouwman author Ingo Breßler author Joachim Breternitz author Erik S. Brok author Gary Bryant author Andrew J. Clulow author Erin R. Crater author Frédéric De Geuser author Alessandra Del Giudice author Jérôme Deumer author Sabrina Disch author Shankar Dutt author Kilian Frank author Emiliano Fratini author Paulo R.A.F. Garcia author Elliot P. Gilbert author Marc B. Hahn author James Hallett author Max Hohenschutz author Martin Hollamby author Steven Huband author Jan Ilavsky author Johanna K. Jochum author Mikkel Juelsholt author Bradley W. Mansel author Paavo Penttilä author Rebecca K. Pittkowski author Giuseppe Portale author Lilo D. Pozzo author Leonhard Rochels author Julian M. Rosalie author Patrick E.J. Saloga author Susanne Seibt author Andrew J. Smith author Gregory N. Smith author Glenn A. Spiering author Tomasz M. Stawski author Olivier Taché author Andreas F. Thünemann author Kristof Toth author Andrew E. Whitten author Joachim Wuttke author LifeSc department A round-robin study has been carried out to estimate the impact of the human element in small-angle scattering data analysis. Four corrected datasets were provided to participants ready for analysis. All datasets were measured on samples containing spherical scatterers, with two datasets in dilute dispersions and two from powders. Most of the 46 participants correctly identified the number of populations in the dilute dispersions, with half of the population mean entries within 1.5% and half of the population width entries within 40%. Due to the added complexity of the structure factor, far fewer people submitted answers on the powder datasets. For those that did, half of the entries for the means and widths were within 44 and 86%, respectively. This round-robin experiment highlights several causes for the discrepancies, for which solutions are proposed. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/14799/14822/2023_JourApplCrystallography_Pauw.pdf application/pdfno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2023 eng 0021-8898 1600-5767 2303.03772 00112077620000210.1107/S1600576723008324 5661618-1629 Pauw, B. R., Smales, G. J., Anker, A. S., Annadurai, V., Balazs, D., Bienert, R., … Wuttke, J. (2023). The human factor: Results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin. <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324">https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324</a> Pauw, Brian R., et al. “The Human Factor: Results of a Small-Angle Scattering Data Analysis Round Robin.” <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>, vol. 56, no. 6, 2023, pp. 1618–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324">10.1107/S1600576723008324</a>. Pauw BR, Smales GJ, Anker AS, Annadurai V, Balazs D, Bienert R, Bouwman WG, Breßler I, Breternitz J, Brok ES, Bryant G, Clulow AJ, Crater ER, De Geuser F, Giudice AD, Deumer J, Disch S, Dutt S, Frank K, Fratini E, Garcia PRAF, Gilbert EP, Hahn MB, Hallett J, Hohenschutz M, Hollamby M, Huband S, Ilavsky J, Jochum JK, Juelsholt M, Mansel BW, Penttilä P, Pittkowski RK, Portale G, Pozzo LD, Rochels L, Rosalie JM, Saloga PEJ, Seibt S, Smith AJ, Smith GN, Spiering GA, Stawski TM, Taché O, Thünemann AF, Toth K, Whitten AE, Wuttke J. 2023. The human factor: Results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin. Journal of Applied Crystallography. 56(6), 1618–1629. B. R. Pauw <i>et al.</i>, “The human factor: Results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin,” <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>, vol. 56, no. 6. pp. 1618–1629, 2023. Pauw, Brian R., Glen J. Smales, Andy S. Anker, Venkatasamy Annadurai, Daniel Balazs, Ralf Bienert, Wim G. Bouwman, et al. “The Human Factor: Results of a Small-Angle Scattering Data Analysis Round Robin.” <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324">https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324</a>. Pauw BR, Smales GJ, Anker AS, et al. The human factor: Results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin. <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>. 2023;56(6):1618-1629. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324">10.1107/S1600576723008324</a> B.R. Pauw, G.J. Smales, A.S. Anker, V. Annadurai, D. Balazs, R. Bienert, W.G. Bouwman, I. Breßler, J. Breternitz, E.S. Brok, G. Bryant, A.J. Clulow, E.R. Crater, F. De Geuser, A.D. Giudice, J. Deumer, S. Disch, S. Dutt, K. Frank, E. Fratini, P.R.A.F. Garcia, E.P. Gilbert, M.B. Hahn, J. Hallett, M. Hohenschutz, M. Hollamby, S. Huband, J. Ilavsky, J.K. Jochum, M. Juelsholt, B.W. Mansel, P. Penttilä, R.K. Pittkowski, G. Portale, L.D. Pozzo, L. Rochels, J.M. Rosalie, P.E.J. Saloga, S. Seibt, A.J. Smith, G.N. Smith, G.A. Spiering, T.M. Stawski, O. Taché, A.F. Thünemann, K. Toth, A.E. Whitten, J. Wuttke, Journal of Applied Crystallography 56 (2023) 1618–1629. 147992024-01-14T23:00:57Z2025-09-09T14:20:00Z