---
_id: '14799'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "A round-robin study has been carried out to estimate the impact of the human
    element in small-angle scattering data analysis. Four corrected datasets were
    provided to participants ready for analysis. All datasets were measured on samples
    containing spherical scatterers, with two datasets in dilute dispersions and two
    from powders. Most of the 46 participants correctly identified the number of populations
    in the dilute dispersions, with half of the population\r\nmean entries within
    1.5% and half of the population width entries within 40%. Due to the added complexity
    of the structure factor, far fewer people submitted answers on the powder datasets.
    For those that did, half of the entries for the means and widths were within 44
    and 86%, respectively. This round-robin experiment highlights several causes for
    the discrepancies, for which solutions are proposed."
acknowledgement: "KT acknowledges the NIST–NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for
  support. This work was partially funded through the European Metrology Programme
  for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) project No. 17NRM04.\r\nCertain commercial equipment,
  instruments, materials or software are identified in this article in order to specify
  the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply
  recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials
  or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Open
  access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL."
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Brian R.
  full_name: Pauw, Brian R.
  last_name: Pauw
- first_name: Glen J.
  full_name: Smales, Glen J.
  last_name: Smales
- first_name: Andy S.
  full_name: Anker, Andy S.
  last_name: Anker
- first_name: Venkatasamy
  full_name: Annadurai, Venkatasamy
  last_name: Annadurai
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Balazs, Daniel
  id: 302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E
  last_name: Balazs
  orcid: 0000-0001-7597-043X
- first_name: Ralf
  full_name: Bienert, Ralf
  last_name: Bienert
- first_name: Wim G.
  full_name: Bouwman, Wim G.
  last_name: Bouwman
- first_name: Ingo
  full_name: Breßler, Ingo
  last_name: Breßler
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Breternitz, Joachim
  last_name: Breternitz
- first_name: Erik S.
  full_name: Brok, Erik S.
  last_name: Brok
- first_name: Gary
  full_name: Bryant, Gary
  last_name: Bryant
- first_name: Andrew J.
  full_name: Clulow, Andrew J.
  last_name: Clulow
- first_name: Erin R.
  full_name: Crater, Erin R.
  last_name: Crater
- first_name: Frédéric
  full_name: De Geuser, Frédéric
  last_name: De Geuser
- first_name: Alessandra Del
  full_name: Giudice, Alessandra Del
  last_name: Giudice
- first_name: Jérôme
  full_name: Deumer, Jérôme
  last_name: Deumer
- first_name: Sabrina
  full_name: Disch, Sabrina
  last_name: Disch
- first_name: Shankar
  full_name: Dutt, Shankar
  last_name: Dutt
- first_name: Kilian
  full_name: Frank, Kilian
  last_name: Frank
- first_name: Emiliano
  full_name: Fratini, Emiliano
  last_name: Fratini
- first_name: Paulo R.A.F.
  full_name: Garcia, Paulo R.A.F.
  last_name: Garcia
- first_name: Elliot P.
  full_name: Gilbert, Elliot P.
  last_name: Gilbert
- first_name: Marc B.
  full_name: Hahn, Marc B.
  last_name: Hahn
- first_name: James
  full_name: Hallett, James
  last_name: Hallett
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Hohenschutz, Max
  last_name: Hohenschutz
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Hollamby, Martin
  last_name: Hollamby
- first_name: Steven
  full_name: Huband, Steven
  last_name: Huband
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Ilavsky, Jan
  last_name: Ilavsky
- first_name: Johanna K.
  full_name: Jochum, Johanna K.
  last_name: Jochum
- first_name: Mikkel
  full_name: Juelsholt, Mikkel
  last_name: Juelsholt
- first_name: Bradley W.
  full_name: Mansel, Bradley W.
  last_name: Mansel
- first_name: Paavo
  full_name: Penttilä, Paavo
  last_name: Penttilä
- first_name: Rebecca K.
  full_name: Pittkowski, Rebecca K.
  last_name: Pittkowski
- first_name: Giuseppe
  full_name: Portale, Giuseppe
  last_name: Portale
- first_name: Lilo D.
  full_name: Pozzo, Lilo D.
  last_name: Pozzo
- first_name: Leonhard
  full_name: Rochels, Leonhard
  last_name: Rochels
- first_name: Julian M.
  full_name: Rosalie, Julian M.
  last_name: Rosalie
- first_name: Patrick E.J.
  full_name: Saloga, Patrick E.J.
  last_name: Saloga
- first_name: Susanne
  full_name: Seibt, Susanne
  last_name: Seibt
- first_name: Andrew J.
  full_name: Smith, Andrew J.
  last_name: Smith
- first_name: Gregory N.
  full_name: Smith, Gregory N.
  last_name: Smith
- first_name: Glenn A.
  full_name: Spiering, Glenn A.
  last_name: Spiering
- first_name: Tomasz M.
  full_name: Stawski, Tomasz M.
  last_name: Stawski
- first_name: Olivier
  full_name: Taché, Olivier
  last_name: Taché
- first_name: Andreas F.
  full_name: Thünemann, Andreas F.
  last_name: Thünemann
- first_name: Kristof
  full_name: Toth, Kristof
  last_name: Toth
- first_name: Andrew E.
  full_name: Whitten, Andrew E.
  last_name: Whitten
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Wuttke, Joachim
  last_name: Wuttke
citation:
  ama: 'Pauw BR, Smales GJ, Anker AS, et al. The human factor: Results of a small-angle
    scattering data analysis round robin. <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>.
    2023;56(6):1618-1629. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324">10.1107/S1600576723008324</a>'
  apa: 'Pauw, B. R., Smales, G. J., Anker, A. S., Annadurai, V., Balazs, D., Bienert,
    R., … Wuttke, J. (2023). The human factor: Results of a small-angle scattering
    data analysis round robin. <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324">https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324</a>'
  chicago: 'Pauw, Brian R., Glen J. Smales, Andy S. Anker, Venkatasamy Annadurai,
    Daniel Balazs, Ralf Bienert, Wim G. Bouwman, et al. “The Human Factor: Results
    of a Small-Angle Scattering Data Analysis Round Robin.” <i>Journal of Applied
    Crystallography</i>, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324">https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. R. Pauw <i>et al.</i>, “The human factor: Results of a small-angle scattering
    data analysis round robin,” <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>, vol. 56,
    no. 6. pp. 1618–1629, 2023.'
  ista: 'Pauw BR, Smales GJ, Anker AS, Annadurai V, Balazs D, Bienert R, Bouwman WG,
    Breßler I, Breternitz J, Brok ES, Bryant G, Clulow AJ, Crater ER, De Geuser F,
    Giudice AD, Deumer J, Disch S, Dutt S, Frank K, Fratini E, Garcia PRAF, Gilbert
    EP, Hahn MB, Hallett J, Hohenschutz M, Hollamby M, Huband S, Ilavsky J, Jochum
    JK, Juelsholt M, Mansel BW, Penttilä P, Pittkowski RK, Portale G, Pozzo LD, Rochels
    L, Rosalie JM, Saloga PEJ, Seibt S, Smith AJ, Smith GN, Spiering GA, Stawski TM,
    Taché O, Thünemann AF, Toth K, Whitten AE, Wuttke J. 2023. The human factor: Results
    of a small-angle scattering data analysis round robin. Journal of Applied Crystallography.
    56(6), 1618–1629.'
  mla: 'Pauw, Brian R., et al. “The Human Factor: Results of a Small-Angle Scattering
    Data Analysis Round Robin.” <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>, vol. 56,
    no. 6, 2023, pp. 1618–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576723008324">10.1107/S1600576723008324</a>.'
  short: B.R. Pauw, G.J. Smales, A.S. Anker, V. Annadurai, D. Balazs, R. Bienert,
    W.G. Bouwman, I. Breßler, J. Breternitz, E.S. Brok, G. Bryant, A.J. Clulow, E.R.
    Crater, F. De Geuser, A.D. Giudice, J. Deumer, S. Disch, S. Dutt, K. Frank, E.
    Fratini, P.R.A.F. Garcia, E.P. Gilbert, M.B. Hahn, J. Hallett, M. Hohenschutz,
    M. Hollamby, S. Huband, J. Ilavsky, J.K. Jochum, M. Juelsholt, B.W. Mansel, P.
    Penttilä, R.K. Pittkowski, G. Portale, L.D. Pozzo, L. Rochels, J.M. Rosalie, P.E.J.
    Saloga, S. Seibt, A.J. Smith, G.N. Smith, G.A. Spiering, T.M. Stawski, O. Taché,
    A.F. Thünemann, K. Toth, A.E. Whitten, J. Wuttke, Journal of Applied Crystallography
    56 (2023) 1618–1629.
date_created: 2024-01-14T23:00:57Z
date_published: 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-09T14:20:00Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: LifeSc
doi: 10.1107/S1600576723008324
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2303.03772'
  isi:
  - '001120776200002'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: dab30d4556360f2cecf99f4b7efb0ee9
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-01-17T07:47:35Z
  date_updated: 2024-01-17T07:47:35Z
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  file_name: 2023_JourApplCrystallography_Pauw.pdf
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  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-01-17T07:47:35Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        56'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1618-1629
publication: Journal of Applied Crystallography
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1600-5767
  issn:
  - 0021-8898
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The human factor: Results of a small-angle scattering data analysis round
  robin'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 56
year: '2023'
...