conference paper published yes Shir Cohen author Guy Goren author Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias author f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30 Alberto Sonnino author Alexander Spiegelman author ElKo department FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security Security and Privacy by Design for Complex Systems project This paper explores a modular design architecture aimed at helping blockchains (and other SMR implementation) to scale to a very large number of processes. This comes in contrast to existing monolithic architectures that interleave transaction dissemination, ordering, and execution in a single functionality. To achieve this we first split the monolith to multiple layers which can use existing distributed computing primitives. The exact specifications of the data dissemination part are formally defined by the Proof of Availability & Retrieval (PoA &R) abstraction. Solutions to the PoA &R problem contain two related sub-protocols: one that “pushes” information into the network and another that “pulls” this information. Regarding the latter, there is a dearth of research literature which is rectified in this paper. We present a family of pulling sub-protocols and rigorously analyze them. Extensive simulations support the theoretical claims of efficiency and robustness in case of a very large number of players. Finally, actual implementation and deployment on a small number of machines (roughly the size of several industrial systems) demonstrates the viability of the architecture’s paradigm. Springer Nature2023Bol, Brac, Croatia eng 0302-9743 1611-3349 9783031477508 00115023160000310.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3 1395136-53 Cohen, Shir, et al. “Proof of Availability and Retrieval in a Modular Blockchain Architecture.” <i>27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, vol. 13951, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 36–53, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3">10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3</a>. Cohen S, Goren G, Kokoris Kogias E, Sonnino A, Spiegelman A. Proof of availability and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture. In: <i>27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>. Vol 13951. Springer Nature; 2023:36-53. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3">10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3</a> S. Cohen, G. Goren, E. Kokoris Kogias, A. Sonnino, A. Spiegelman, in:, 27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 36–53. Cohen, S., Goren, G., Kokoris Kogias, E., Sonnino, A., &#38; Spiegelman, A. (2023). Proof of availability and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture. In <i>27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i> (Vol. 13951, pp. 36–53). Bol, Brac, Croatia: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3</a> Cohen S, Goren G, Kokoris Kogias E, Sonnino A, Spiegelman A. 2023. Proof of availability and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture. 27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security, LNCS, vol. 13951, 36–53. Cohen, Shir, Guy Goren, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Alberto Sonnino, and Alexander Spiegelman. “Proof of Availability and Retrieval in a Modular Blockchain Architecture.” In <i>27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, 13951:36–53. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3</a>. S. Cohen, G. Goren, E. Kokoris Kogias, A. Sonnino, and A. Spiegelman, “Proof of availability and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture,” in <i>27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, Bol, Brac, Croatia, 2023, vol. 13951, pp. 36–53. 148292024-01-18T07:41:12Z2025-09-09T14:22:38Z