---
_id: '14829'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'This paper explores a modular design architecture aimed at helping blockchains
    (and other SMR implementation) to scale to a very large number of processes. This
    comes in contrast to existing monolithic architectures that interleave transaction
    dissemination, ordering, and execution in a single functionality. To achieve this
    we first split the monolith to multiple layers which can use existing distributed
    computing primitives. The exact specifications of the data dissemination part
    are formally defined by the Proof of Availability & Retrieval (PoA &R) abstraction.
    Solutions to the PoA &R problem contain two related sub-protocols: one that “pushes”
    information into the network and another that “pulls” this information. Regarding
    the latter, there is a dearth of research literature which is rectified in this
    paper. We present a family of pulling sub-protocols and rigorously analyze them.
    Extensive simulations support the theoretical claims of efficiency and robustness
    in case of a very large number of players. Finally, actual implementation and
    deployment on a small number of machines (roughly the size of several industrial
    systems) demonstrates the viability of the architecture’s paradigm.'
acknowledgement: 'This work is partially supported by Meta. Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogias
  is partially supported by Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant No: F8512-N. Shir Cohen
  is supported by the Adams Fellowship Program of the Israel Academy of Sciences and
  Humanities.'
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Shir
  full_name: Cohen, Shir
  last_name: Cohen
- first_name: Guy
  full_name: Goren, Guy
  last_name: Goren
- first_name: Eleftherios
  full_name: Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios
  id: f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30
  last_name: Kokoris Kogias
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Sonnino, Alberto
  last_name: Sonnino
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Spiegelman, Alexander
  last_name: Spiegelman
citation:
  ama: 'Cohen S, Goren G, Kokoris Kogias E, Sonnino A, Spiegelman A. Proof of availability
    and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture. In: <i>27th International
    Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>. Vol 13951. Springer
    Nature; 2023:36-53. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3">10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3</a>'
  apa: 'Cohen, S., Goren, G., Kokoris Kogias, E., Sonnino, A., &#38; Spiegelman, A.
    (2023). Proof of availability and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture.
    In <i>27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>
    (Vol. 13951, pp. 36–53). Bol, Brac, Croatia: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3</a>'
  chicago: Cohen, Shir, Guy Goren, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Alberto Sonnino, and
    Alexander Spiegelman. “Proof of Availability and Retrieval in a Modular Blockchain
    Architecture.” In <i>27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and
    Data Security</i>, 13951:36–53. Springer Nature, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3</a>.
  ieee: S. Cohen, G. Goren, E. Kokoris Kogias, A. Sonnino, and A. Spiegelman, “Proof
    of availability and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture,” in <i>27th
    International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, Bol,
    Brac, Croatia, 2023, vol. 13951, pp. 36–53.
  ista: 'Cohen S, Goren G, Kokoris Kogias E, Sonnino A, Spiegelman A. 2023. Proof
    of availability and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture. 27th International
    Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC: Financial Cryptography
    and Data Security, LNCS, vol. 13951, 36–53.'
  mla: Cohen, Shir, et al. “Proof of Availability and Retrieval in a Modular Blockchain
    Architecture.” <i>27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and
    Data Security</i>, vol. 13951, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 36–53, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3">10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3</a>.
  short: S. Cohen, G. Goren, E. Kokoris Kogias, A. Sonnino, A. Spiegelman, in:, 27th
    International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Springer
    Nature, 2023, pp. 36–53.
conference:
  end_date: 2023-05-05
  location: Bol, Brac, Croatia
  name: 'FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security'
  start_date: 2023-05-01
date_created: 2024-01-18T07:41:12Z
date_published: 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-09T14:22:38Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: ElKo
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47751-5_3
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001150231600003'
intvolume: '     13951'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://fc23.ifca.ai/preproceedings/150.pdf
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 36-53
project:
- _id: 34a4ce89-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8cc37fb6e11f
  grant_number: F8512
  name: Security and Privacy by Design for Complex Systems
publication: 27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9783031477515'
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - '9783031477508'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Proof of availability and retrieval in a modular blockchain architecture
type: conference
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 13951
year: '2023'
...