article published yes Arka Pal author 6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E56974250000-0002-4530-8469 Beatriz Vicoso author 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0002-4579-8306 BeVi department International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme project Insects of the order Hemiptera (true bugs) use a wide range of mechanisms of sex determination, including genetic sex determination, paternal genome elimination, and haplodiploidy. Genetic sex determination, the prevalent mode, is generally controlled by a pair of XY sex chromosomes or by an XX/X0 system, but different configurations that include additional sex chromosomes are also present. Although this diversity of sex determining systems has been extensively studied at the cytogenetic level, only the X chromosome of the model pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum has been analyzed at the genomic level, and little is known about X chromosome biology in the rest of the order. In this study, we take advantage of published DNA- and RNA-seq data from three additional Hemiptera species to perform a comparative analysis of the gene content and expression of the X chromosome throughout this clade. We find that, despite showing evidence of dosage compensation, the X chromosomes of these species show female-biased expression, and a deficit of male-biased genes, in direct contrast to the pea aphid X. We further detect an excess of shared gene content between these very distant species, suggesting that despite the diversity of sex determining systems, the same chromosomal element is used as the X throughout a large portion of the order. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/1513/5284/IST-2016-496-v1+1_Genome_Biol_Evol-2015-Pal-3259-68.pdf application/pdfno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Oxford University Press2015 eng 00036649870000810.1093/gbe/evv215 7123259 - 3268 A. Pal, B. Vicoso, Genome Biology and Evolution 7 (2015) 3259–3268. Pal, A., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2015). The X chromosome of hemipteran insects: Conservation, dosage compensation and sex-biased expression. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215</a> A. Pal and B. Vicoso, “The X chromosome of hemipteran insects: Conservation, dosage compensation and sex-biased expression,” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 7, no. 12. Oxford University Press, pp. 3259–3268, 2015. Pal A, Vicoso B. 2015. The X chromosome of hemipteran insects: Conservation, dosage compensation and sex-biased expression. Genome Biology and Evolution. 7(12), 3259–3268. Pal, Arka, and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215</a>. Pal A, Vicoso B. The X chromosome of hemipteran insects: Conservation, dosage compensation and sex-biased expression. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. 2015;7(12):3259-3268. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215">10.1093/gbe/evv215</a> Pal, Arka, and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 7, no. 12, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 3259–68, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215">10.1093/gbe/evv215</a>. 15132018-12-11T11:52:27Z2025-09-23T14:18:15Z