{"article_type":"original","issue":"3","article_processing_charge":"Yes","day":"01","month":"04","external_id":{"arxiv":["2305.15346"]},"type":"journal_article","title":"Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Observationally mapping the relation between galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) is of key interest for studies of cosmic reionization. Diffuse hydrogen gas has typically been observed in H I Lyman-α (Lyα) absorption in the spectra of bright background quasars. However, it is important to extend these measurements to background galaxies as quasars become increasingly rare at high redshift and rarely probe closely separated sight lines. Here, we use deep integral field spectroscopy in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field to demonstrate the measurement of the Lyα transmission at z ≈ 4 in absorption to a background galaxy at z = 4.77. The H I transmission is consistent with independent quasar sight lines at similar redshifts. Exploiting the high number of spectroscopic redshifts of faint galaxies (500 between z = 4.0–4.7 within a radius of 8 arcmin) that are tracers of the density field, we show that Lyα transmission is inversely correlated with galaxy density, i.e. transparent regions in the Lyα forest mark underdense regions at z ≈ 4. Due to large-scale clustering, galaxies are surrounded by excess H I absorption over the cosmic mean out to 4 cMpc/h70. We also find that redshifts from the peak of the Lyα line are typically offset from the systemic redshift by +170 km s−1. This work extends results from z ≈ 2–3 to higher redshifts and demonstrates the power of deep integral field spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the ionization structure of the IGM and the large-scale density field in the early Universe.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for constructive comments that helped improving the paper. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme 1101.A-0127. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. GP acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, NOVA). JB acknowledges financial support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds PTDC/FIS-AST/4862/2020, work contract 2020.03379.CEECIND, and research grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020. TU and LW acknowledge funding by the European Research Council through ERC-AdG SPECMAP-CGM, GA 101020943. TG is supported by the ERC Starting grant 757258 ‘TRIPLE’.","publication_status":"published","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"corr_author":"1","author":[{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"last_name":"Golling","first_name":"Christopher","full_name":"Golling, Christopher"},{"full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","first_name":"Ruari","last_name":"Mackenzie"},{"last_name":"Pezzulli","first_name":"Gabriele","full_name":"Pezzulli, Gabriele"},{"full_name":"Lilly, Simon","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Lilly"},{"first_name":"Joop","full_name":"Schaye, Joop","last_name":"Schaye"},{"last_name":"Bacon","full_name":"Bacon, Roland","first_name":"Roland"},{"first_name":"Haruka","full_name":"Kusakabe, Haruka","last_name":"Kusakabe"},{"full_name":"Urrutia, Tanya","first_name":"Tanya","last_name":"Urrutia"},{"last_name":"Boogaard","full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert","first_name":"Leindert"},{"last_name":"Brinchmann","full_name":"Brinchmann, Jarle","first_name":"Jarle"},{"last_name":"Maseda","first_name":"Michael V.","full_name":"Maseda, Michael V."},{"last_name":"Garel","full_name":"Garel, Thibault","first_name":"Thibault"},{"last_name":"Bouché","full_name":"Bouché, Nicolas F.","first_name":"Nicolas F."},{"last_name":"Wisotzki","first_name":"Lutz","full_name":"Wisotzki, Lutz"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","volume":529,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae673","ddc":["520"],"citation":{"mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Large-Scale Excess H I Absorption around z ≈ 4 Galaxies Detected in a Background Galaxy Spectrum in the MUSE EXtremely Deep Field.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 529, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 2794–806, doi:10.1093/mnras/stae673.","short":"J.J. Matthee, C. Golling, R. Mackenzie, G. Pezzulli, S. Lilly, J. Schaye, R. Bacon, H. Kusakabe, T. Urrutia, L. Boogaard, J. Brinchmann, M.V. Maseda, T. Garel, N.F. Bouché, L. Wisotzki, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 529 (2024) 2794–2806.","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Golling, C., Mackenzie, R., Pezzulli, G., Lilly, S., Schaye, J., … Wisotzki, L. (2024). Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673","ama":"Matthee JJ, Golling C, Mackenzie R, et al. Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2024;529(3):2794-2806. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae673","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, Christopher Golling, Ruari Mackenzie, Gabriele Pezzulli, Simon Lilly, Joop Schaye, Roland Bacon, et al. “Large-Scale Excess H I Absorption around z ≈ 4 Galaxies Detected in a Background Galaxy Spectrum in the MUSE EXtremely Deep Field.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673.","ieee":"J. J. Matthee et al., “Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 529, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2794–2806, 2024.","ista":"Matthee JJ, Golling C, Mackenzie R, Pezzulli G, Lilly S, Schaye J, Bacon R, Kusakabe H, Urrutia T, Boogaard L, Brinchmann J, Maseda MV, Garel T, Bouché NF, Wisotzki L. 2024. Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529(3), 2794–2806."},"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","file_date_updated":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","year":"2024","file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_size":2626735,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_id":"15255","date_updated":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","checksum":"1e65c40a71e565eebdc4c5ff11822ba2","date_created":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Matthee.pdf"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","page":"2794-2806","intvolume":" 529","publisher":"Oxford University Press","project":[{"name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization","_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","grant_number":"101076224"}],"date_created":"2024-03-31T22:01:12Z","_id":"15249","date_updated":"2024-10-09T21:08:37Z"}