---
_id: '1634'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Simulating the delightful dynamics of soap films, bubbles, and foams has traditionally
    required the use of a fully three-dimensional many-phase Navier-Stokes solver,
    even though their visual appearance is completely dominated by the thin liquid
    surface. We depart from earlier work on soap bubbles and foams by noting that
    their dynamics are naturally described by a Lagrangian vortex sheet model in which
    circulation is the primary variable. This leads us to derive a novel circulation-preserving
    surface-only discretization of foam dynamics driven by surface tension on a non-manifold
    triangle mesh. We represent the surface using a mesh-based multimaterial surface
    tracker which supports complex bubble topology changes, and evolve the surface
    according to the ambient air flow induced by a scalar circulation field stored
    on the mesh. Surface tension forces give rise to a simple update rule for circulation,
    even at non-manifold Plateau borders, based on a discrete measure of signed scalar
    mean curvature. We further incorporate vertex constraints to enable the interaction
    of soap films with wires. The result is a method that is at once simple, robust,
    and efficient, yet able to capture an array of soap films behaviors including
    foam rearrangement, catenoid collapse, blowing bubbles, and double bubbles being
    pulled apart.
article_number: '149'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Fang
  full_name: Da, Fang
  last_name: Da
- first_name: Christopher
  full_name: Batty, Christopher
  last_name: Batty
- first_name: Christopher J
  full_name: Wojtan, Christopher J
  id: 3C61F1D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Wojtan
  orcid: 0000-0001-6646-5546
- first_name: Eitan
  full_name: Grinspun, Eitan
  last_name: Grinspun
citation:
  ama: 'Da F, Batty C, Wojtan C, Grinspun E. Double bubbles sans toil and trouble:
    discrete circulation-preserving vortex sheets for soap films and foams. In: Vol
    34. ACM; 2015. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2767003">10.1145/2767003</a>'
  apa: 'Da, F., Batty, C., Wojtan, C., &#38; Grinspun, E. (2015). Double bubbles sans
    toil and trouble: discrete circulation-preserving vortex sheets for soap films
    and foams (Vol. 34). Presented at the SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group on Computer
    Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Los Angeles, CA, United States: ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2767003">https://doi.org/10.1145/2767003</a>'
  chicago: 'Da, Fang, Christopher Batty, Chris Wojtan, and Eitan Grinspun. “Double
    Bubbles sans Toil and Trouble: Discrete Circulation-Preserving Vortex Sheets for
    Soap Films and Foams,” Vol. 34. ACM, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2767003">https://doi.org/10.1145/2767003</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Da, C. Batty, C. Wojtan, and E. Grinspun, “Double bubbles sans toil and
    trouble: discrete circulation-preserving vortex sheets for soap films and foams,”
    presented at the SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive
    Techniques, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2015, vol. 34, no. 4.'
  ista: 'Da F, Batty C, Wojtan C, Grinspun E. 2015. Double bubbles sans toil and trouble:
    discrete circulation-preserving vortex sheets for soap films and foams. SIGGRAPH:
    Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques vol. 34,
    149.'
  mla: 'Da, Fang, et al. <i>Double Bubbles sans Toil and Trouble: Discrete Circulation-Preserving
    Vortex Sheets for Soap Films and Foams</i>. Vol. 34, no. 4, 149, ACM, 2015, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2767003">10.1145/2767003</a>.'
  short: F. Da, C. Batty, C. Wojtan, E. Grinspun, in:, ACM, 2015.
conference:
  end_date: 2015-08-13
  location: Los Angeles, CA, United States
  name: 'SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques'
  start_date: 2015-08-09
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:09Z
date_published: 2015-07-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-23T08:28:56Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: ChWo
doi: 10.1145/2767003
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000358786600115'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 57b07d78d2d612a8052744b37d4a71fa
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:11:14Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:07Z
  file_id: '4867'
  file_name: IST-2016-608-v1+1_doublebubbles.pdf
  file_size: 8973215
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:07Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        34'
isi: 1
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
project:
- _id: 2533E772-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '638176'
  name: 'Big Splash: Efficient Simulation of Natural Phenomena at Extremely Large
    Scales'
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '5521'
pubrep_id: '608'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Double bubbles sans toil and trouble: discrete circulation-preserving vortex
  sheets for soap films and foams'
type: conference
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 34
year: '2015'
...