---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Many species groups, including mammals and many insects, determine sex using heteromorphic
    sex chromosomes. Diptera flies, which include the model Drosophila melanogaster,
    generally have XY sex chromosomes and a conserved karyotype consisting of six
    chromosomal arms (five large rods and a small dot), but superficially similar
    karyotypes may conceal the true extent of sex chromosome variation. Here, we use
    whole-genome analysis in 37 fly species belonging to 22 different families of
    Diptera and uncover tremendous hidden diversity in sex chromosome karyotypes among
    flies. We identify over a dozen different sex chromosome configurations, and the
    small dot chromosome is repeatedly used as the sex chromosome, which presumably
    reflects the ancestral karyotype of higher Diptera. However, we identify species
    with undifferentiated sex chromosomes, others in which a different chromosome
    replaced the dot as a sex chromosome or in which up to three chromosomal elements
    became incorporated into the sex chromosomes, and others yet with female heterogamety
    (ZW sex chromosomes). Transcriptome analysis shows that dosage compensation has
    evolved multiple times in flies, consistently through up-regulation of the single
    X in males. However, X chromosomes generally show a deficiency of genes with male-biased
    expression, possibly reflecting sex-specific selective pressures. These species
    thus provide a rich resource to study sex chromosome biology in a comparative
    manner and show that similar selective forces have shaped the unique evolution
    of sex chromosomes in diverse fly taxa.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Beatriz
      foaf_name: Vicoso, Beatriz
      foaf_surname: Vicoso
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
    orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Doris
      foaf_name: Bachtrog, Doris
      foaf_surname: Bachtrog
  bibo_doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002078
  bibo_issue: '4'
  bibo_volume: 13
  dct_date: 2015^xs_gYear
  dct_identifier:
  - UT:000354824500002
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Public Library of Science@
  dct_title: Numerous transitions of sex chromosomes in Diptera@
...