{"oa_version":"Published Version","conference":{"name":"EMNLP: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","location":"Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","end_date":"2022-12-11","start_date":"2022-12-07"},"ddc":["000"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we consider the problem of sparsifying BERT models, which are a key building block for natural language processing, in order to reduce their storage and computational cost. We introduce the Optimal BERT Surgeon (oBERT), an efficient and accurate pruning method based on approximate second-order information, which we show to yield state-of-the-art results in both stages of language tasks: pre-training and fine-tuning. Specifically, oBERT extends existing work on second-order pruning by allowing for pruning weight blocks, and is the first such method that is applicable at BERT scale. Second, we investigate compounding compression approaches to obtain highly compressed but accurate models for deployment on edge devices. These models significantly push boundaries of the current state-of-the-art sparse BERT models with respect to all metrics: model size, inference speed and task accuracy. For example, relative to the dense BERT-base, we obtain 10x model size compression with < 1% accuracy drop, 10x CPU-inference speedup with < 2% accuracy drop, and 29x CPU-inference speedup with < 7.5% accuracy drop. Our code, fully integrated with Transformers and SparseML, is available at https://github.com/neuralmagic/sparseml/tree/main/research/optimal_BERT_surgeon_oBERT."}],"_id":"17088","external_id":{"arxiv":["2203.07259"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Eldar","full_name":"Kurtic, Eldar","last_name":"Kurtic","id":"47beb3a5-07b5-11eb-9b87-b108ec578218"},{"full_name":"Campos, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Campos"},{"last_name":"Nguyen","first_name":"Tuan","full_name":"Nguyen, Tuan"},{"last_name":"Frantar","id":"09a8f98d-ec99-11ea-ae11-c063a7b7fe5f","full_name":"Frantar, Elias","first_name":"Elias"},{"last_name":"Kurtz","full_name":"Kurtz, Mark","first_name":"Mark"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","full_name":"Fineran, Benjamin","last_name":"Fineran"},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Goin, Michael","last_name":"Goin"},{"last_name":"Alistarh","id":"4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Dan-Adrian","full_name":"Alistarh, Dan-Adrian","orcid":"0000-0003-3650-940X"}],"date_published":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","corr_author":"1","page":"4163-4181","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Kurtic E, Campos D, Nguyen T, et al. The optimal BERT surgeon: Scalable and accurate second-order pruning for large language models. In: <i>Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing</i>. Association for Computational Linguistics; 2022:4163-4181. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279\">10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279</a>","ieee":"E. Kurtic <i>et al.</i>, “The optimal BERT surgeon: Scalable and accurate second-order pruning for large language models,” in <i>Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing</i>, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2022, pp. 4163–4181.","apa":"Kurtic, E., Campos, D., Nguyen, T., Frantar, E., Kurtz, M., Fineran, B., … Alistarh, D.-A. (2022). The optimal BERT surgeon: Scalable and accurate second-order pruning for large language models. In <i>Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing</i> (pp. 4163–4181). Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Association for Computational Linguistics. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279\">https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279</a>","chicago":"Kurtic, Eldar, Daniel Campos, Tuan Nguyen, Elias Frantar, Mark Kurtz, Benjamin Fineran, Michael Goin, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. “The Optimal BERT Surgeon: Scalable and Accurate Second-Order Pruning for Large Language Models.” In <i>Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing</i>, 4163–81. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279\">https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279</a>.","short":"E. Kurtic, D. Campos, T. Nguyen, E. Frantar, M. Kurtz, B. Fineran, M. Goin, D.-A. Alistarh, in:, Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022, pp. 4163–4181.","mla":"Kurtic, Eldar, et al. “The Optimal BERT Surgeon: Scalable and Accurate Second-Order Pruning for Large Language Models.” <i>Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing</i>, Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022, pp. 4163–81, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279\">10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279</a>.","ista":"Kurtic E, Campos D, Nguyen T, Frantar E, Kurtz M, Fineran B, Goin M, Alistarh D-A. 2022. The optimal BERT surgeon: Scalable and accurate second-order pruning for large language models. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. EMNLP: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 4163–4181."},"title":"The optimal BERT surgeon: Scalable and accurate second-order pruning for large language models","quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","scopus_import":"1","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"software","url":"https://github.com/neuralmagic/sparseml/tree/main/research/optimal_BERT_surgeon_oBERT"}]},"publisher":"Association for Computational Linguistics","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"publication":"Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","year":"2022","date_created":"2024-05-29T06:40:55Z","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"01","doi":"10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.279","month":"12","file_date_updated":"2024-07-31T11:03:34Z","oa":1,"date_updated":"2024-07-31T11:05:32Z","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"DaAl"}],"publication_status":"published","file":[{"file_name":"2022_EMNLP_Kurtic.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"c47b9edd8a9f743ac77a593de6d2e84a","date_updated":"2024-07-31T11:03:34Z","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_size":522563,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"17354","date_created":"2024-07-31T11:03:34Z"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"conference"}