{"acknowledgement":"We thank Estelle Nicolas for critical feedback on the manuscript and Ikuhiro Okamoto for critical feedback on the figures. We apologise to authors whose work we overlooked or did not discuss or cite due to limits in the number of references. We thank the anonymous reviewers for pointing us to additional literature and for their constructive feedback. Figures were prepared with BioRender.com. D.C. is supported by a fellowship from Ligue Contre le Cancer (LNCC_TAJT25850) and R.G. holds a tenured research position from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France). Research in the Galupa lab is supported by a grant from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (AJE202305017142). Open Access funding provided by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. Deposited in PMC for immediate release.","year":"2024","file_date_updated":"2024-08-28T10:32:16Z","external_id":{"pmid":["39140247"]},"citation":{"ama":"Cecalev D, Vicoso B, Galupa R. Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X. <i>Development</i>. 2024;151(15). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202891\">10.1242/dev.202891</a>","apa":"Cecalev, D., Vicoso, B., &#38; Galupa, R. (2024). Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X. <i>Development</i>. The Company of Biologists. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202891\">https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202891</a>","ista":"Cecalev D, Vicoso B, Galupa R. 2024. Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X. Development. 151(15), dev202891.","mla":"Cecalev, Daniela, et al. “Compensation of Gene Dosage on the Mammalian X.” <i>Development</i>, vol. 151, no. 15, dev202891, The Company of Biologists, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202891\">10.1242/dev.202891</a>.","ieee":"D. Cecalev, B. Vicoso, and R. Galupa, “Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X,” <i>Development</i>, vol. 151, no. 15. The Company of Biologists, 2024.","short":"D. Cecalev, B. Vicoso, R. Galupa, Development 151 (2024).","chicago":"Cecalev, Daniela, Beatriz Vicoso, and Rafael Galupa. “Compensation of Gene Dosage on the Mammalian X.” <i>Development</i>. The Company of Biologists, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202891\">https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.202891</a>."},"doi":"10.1242/dev.202891","issue":"15","date_published":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"BeVi"}],"day":"14","article_number":"dev202891","article_processing_charge":"No","file":[{"file_name":"2024_Development_Cecalev.pdf","creator":"cchlebak","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_size":2085135,"success":1,"file_id":"17464","checksum":"5e428bda0440d3f957c694b315a8f2a9","date_updated":"2024-08-28T10:32:16Z","date_created":"2024-08-28T10:32:16Z","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Cecalev, Daniela","last_name":"Cecalev","first_name":"Daniela"},{"last_name":"Vicoso","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz","first_name":"Beatriz"},{"full_name":"Galupa, Rafael","last_name":"Galupa","first_name":"Rafael"}],"article_type":"original","pmid":1,"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"volume":151,"publication_status":"published","publication":"Development","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0950-1991"],"eissn":["1477-9129"]},"_id":"17458","title":"Compensation of gene dosage on the mammalian X","month":"08","date_updated":"2024-08-28T12:36:19Z","date_created":"2024-08-25T22:01:07Z","ddc":["599"],"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":"       151","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Changes in gene dosage can have tremendous evolutionary potential (e.g. whole-genome duplications), but without compensatory mechanisms, they can also lead to gene dysregulation and pathologies. Sex chromosomes are a paradigmatic example of naturally occurring gene dosage differences and their compensation. In species with chromosome-based sex determination, individuals within the same population necessarily show ‘natural’ differences in gene dosage for the sex chromosomes. In this Review, we focus on the mammalian X chromosome and discuss recent new insights into the dosage-compensation mechanisms that evolved along with the emergence of sex chromosomes, namely X-inactivation and X-upregulation. We also discuss the evolution of the genetic loci and molecular players involved, as well as the regulatory diversity and potentially different requirements for dosage compensation across mammalian species."}]}