---
_id: '17535'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses of ∼109 M⊙ within the first billion
    year of the universe challenge our conventional understanding of black hole formation
    and growth. One pathway to these SMBHs proposes that supermassive stars born in
    pristine atomic cooling haloes yield massive seed BHs evolving to these early
    SMBHs. This scenario leads to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), in which the
    BH to stellar mass ratio is initially Mbh/M* ≥ 1, well in excess of the typical
    values of ∼10−3 at low redshifts. Previously, we have investigated two massive
    seed BH candidates from the Renaissance simulation and found that they remain
    outliers on the Mbh–M* relation until the OMBG merges with a much more massive
    halo at z = 8. In this work, we use Monte-Carlo merger trees to investigate the
    evolution of the Mbh–M* relation for 50 000 protogalaxies hosting massive BH seeds,
    across 10 000 trees that merge into a 1012 M⊙ halo at z = 6. We find that up to
    60 per cent (depending on growth parameters) of these OMBGs remain strong outliers
    for several 100 Myr, down to redshifts detectable with JWST and with sensitive
    X-ray telescopes. This represents a way to diagnose the massive-seed formation
    pathway for early SMBHs. We expect to find ∼0.1–1 of these objects per JWST Near
    Infrared Camera (NIRCam) field per unit redshift at z ≳ 6. Recently detected SMBHs
    with masses of ∼107 M⊙ and low-inferred stellar-mass hosts may be examples of
    this population.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Matthew T
  full_name: Scoggins, Matthew T
  last_name: Scoggins
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: 'Scoggins MT, Haiman Z. Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift
    black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio.
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;531(4):4584-4597.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449">10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>'
  apa: 'Scoggins, M. T., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2024). Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway
    to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy
    mass ratio. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>'
  chicago: 'Scoggins, Matthew T, and Zoltán Haiman. “Diagnosing the Massive-Seed Pathway
    to High-Redshift Black Holes: Statistics of the Evolving Black Hole to Host Galaxy
    Mass Ratio.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford
    University Press, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. T. Scoggins and Z. Haiman, “Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift
    black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio,”
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 531, no. 4. Oxford
    University Press, pp. 4584–4597, 2024.'
  ista: 'Scoggins MT, Haiman Z. 2024. Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift
    black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio.
    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 531(4), 4584–4597.'
  mla: 'Scoggins, Matthew T., and Zoltán Haiman. “Diagnosing the Massive-Seed Pathway
    to High-Redshift Black Holes: Statistics of the Evolving Black Hole to Host Galaxy
    Mass Ratio.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 531,
    no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 4584–97, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449">10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>.'
  short: M.T. Scoggins, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    531 (2024) 4584–4597.
date_created: 2024-09-05T09:43:52Z
date_published: 2024-06-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-12T09:08:08Z
day: '13'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stae1449
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       531'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 4584-4597
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0035-8711
  - 1365-2966
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics
  of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 531
year: '2024'
...