@article{17571,
  abstract     = {The existence of 109 M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years of the Universe remains a puzzle in our conventional understanding of black hole formation and growth. Several suggested formation pathways for these SMBHs lead to a heavy seed, with an initial black hole mass of 104–106 M⊙. This can lead to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), whose nuclear black hole’s mass is comparable to or even greater than the surrounding stellar mass: the black hole to stellar mass ratio is Mbh/M* ≫ 10−3, well in excess of the typical values at lower redshift. We investigate how long these newborn BHs remain outliers in the Mbh − M* relation, by exploring the subsequent evolution of two OMBGs previously identified in the Renaissance simulations. We find that both OMBGs have Mbh/M* > 1 during their entire life, from their birth at z ≈ 15 until they merge with much more massive haloes at z ≈ 8. We find that the OMBGs are spatially resolvable from their more massive, 1011 M⊙, neighbouring haloes until their mergers are complete at z ≈ 8. This affords a window for future observations with JWST and sensitive X-ray telescopes to diagnose the heavy-seed scenario, by detecting similar OMBGs and establishing their uniquely high black hole-to-stellar mass ratio.},
  author       = {Scoggins, Matthew T and Haiman, Zoltán and Wise, John H},
  issn         = {0035-8711},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {2155--2168},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations?}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stac3715},
  volume       = {519},
  year         = {2022},
}