{"oa_version":"Published Version","citation":{"mla":"Wolcott-Green, J., and Zoltán Haiman. “Feedback from the Infrared Background in the Early Universe.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>, vol. 425, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. L51–55, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x\">10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x</a>.","apa":"Wolcott-Green, J., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2012). Feedback from the infrared background in the early universe. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x\">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x</a>","chicago":"Wolcott-Green, J., and Zoltán Haiman. “Feedback from the Infrared Background in the Early Universe.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>. Oxford University Press, 2012. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x\">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x</a>.","ama":"Wolcott-Green J, Haiman Z. Feedback from the infrared background in the early universe. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>. 2012;425(1):L51-L55. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x\">10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x</a>","short":"J. Wolcott-Green, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 425 (2012) L51–L55.","ieee":"J. Wolcott-Green and Z. Haiman, “Feedback from the infrared background in the early universe,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>, vol. 425, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. L51–L55, 2012.","ista":"Wolcott-Green J, Haiman Z. 2012. Feedback from the infrared background in the early universe. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 425(1), L51–L55."},"date_updated":"2024-09-24T11:29:36Z","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_type":"original","date_published":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x"}],"status":"public","day":"01","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_created":"2024-09-06T07:07:07Z","author":[{"last_name":"Wolcott-Green","full_name":"Wolcott-Green, J.","first_name":"J."},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"}],"page":"L51-L55","title":"Feedback from the infrared background in the early universe","extern":"1","_id":"17636","volume":425,"article_processing_charge":"No","intvolume":"       425","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"It is commonly believed that the earliest stages of star formation in the Universe were self-regulated by global radiation backgrounds - either by the ultraviolet (UV) Lyman-Werner (LW) photons emitted by the first stars (directly photodissociating H2), or by the X-rays produced by accretion on to the black hole (BH) remnants of these stars (heating the gas but catalysing H2 formation). Recent studies have suggested that a significant fraction of the first stars may have had low masses (a few M⊙). Such stars do not leave BH remnants and they have softer spectra, with copious infrared (IR) radiation at photon energies ∼1 eV. Similar to LW and X-ray photons, these photons have a mean-free path comparable to the Hubble distance, building up an early IR background. Here we show that if soft-spectrum stars, with masses of a few M⊙, contributed ≳0.3 per cent of the UV background (or their mass fraction exceeded ∼80 per cent), then their IR radiation dominated radiative feedback in the early Universe. The feedback is different from the UV feedback from high-mass stars, and occurs through the photodetachment of H− ions, necessary for efficient H2 formation. Nevertheless, we find that the baryon fraction which must be incorporated into low-mass stars in order to suppress H2 cooling is only a factor of a few higher than for high-mass stars.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01298.x","year":"2012","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1745-3925","1745-3933"]},"month":"09","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1}