{"article_processing_charge":"No","intvolume":"       721","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"It has been proposed that primordial gas in early dark matter halos, with virial temperatures above 10^4 K, can avoid fragmentation and undergo rapid collapse, possibly resulting in a supermassive black hole (SMBH). This requires the gas to avoid cooling and to remain at temperatures near T=10^4 K. We show that this condition can be satisfied in the presence of a sufficiently strong primordial magnetic field, which heats the collapsing gas via ambipolar diffusion. If the field has a strength above B = 3.6 (comoving) nG, the collapsing gas is kept warm (T=10^4K) until it reaches the critical density n_crit=10^3 cm^{-3} at which the roto-vibrational states of H_2 approach local thermodynamic equilibrium. H_2-cooling then remains inefficient, and the gas temperature stays near 10^4K, even as it continues to collapse to higher densities. The critical magnetic field strength required to permanently suppress H_2-cooling is somewhat higher than upper limit of approx. 2 nG from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, it can be realized in the rare (2-3)-sigma regions of the spatially fluctuating B-field; these regions contain a sufficient number of halos to account for the z=6 quasar BHs.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Supermassive black hole formation at high redshifts through a primordial magnetic field","_id":"17639","extern":"1","volume":721,"oa":1,"doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","year":"2010","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"]},"month":"08","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ieee":"S. Sethi, Z. Haiman, and K. Pandey, “Supermassive black hole formation at high redshifts through a primordial magnetic field,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 721, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 615–621, 2010.","ista":"Sethi S, Haiman Z, Pandey K. 2010. Supermassive black hole formation at high redshifts through a primordial magnetic field. The Astrophysical Journal. 721(1), 615–621.","apa":"Sethi, S., Haiman, Z., &#38; Pandey, K. (2010). Supermassive black hole formation at high redshifts through a primordial magnetic field. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615</a>","ama":"Sethi S, Haiman Z, Pandey K. Supermassive black hole formation at high redshifts through a primordial magnetic field. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2010;721(1):615-621. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615\">10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615</a>","short":"S. Sethi, Z. Haiman, K. Pandey, The Astrophysical Journal 721 (2010) 615–621.","chicago":"Sethi, Shiv, Zoltán Haiman, and Kanhaiya Pandey. “Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts through a Primordial Magnetic Field.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615</a>.","mla":"Sethi, Shiv, et al. “Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts through a Primordial Magnetic Field.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 721, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2010, pp. 615–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615\">10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615</a>."},"date_updated":"2024-09-24T11:43:48Z","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_created":"2024-09-06T07:16:56Z","author":[{"first_name":"Shiv","full_name":"Sethi, Shiv","last_name":"Sethi"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"first_name":"Kanhaiya","full_name":"Pandey, Kanhaiya","last_name":"Pandey"}],"page":"615-621","issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2010-08-31T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/615","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","day":"31"}