Self-regulating the early growth of black holes through global warming

conference paper Self-regulating the early growth of black holes through global warming published yes Zoltán Haiman author 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 Takamitsu Tanaka author Rosalba Perna author FIRST STARS IV - From Hayashi to the Future A decade after their first discovery, the origin of giant supermassive black holes (SMBHs), with masses in excess of 109 Msolar, at redshifts as early as z > 6, remains a puzzle. One possibility is that stellar-mass ``seed'' BHs, left behind by the first stars, accrete gas at close to the Eddington limit during a large fraction (>~ 50%) of the time. While maintaining such a high accretion rate may itself be difficult, here we focus on another, less commonly discussed problem in this scenario: unless BH seed formation and growth are preferentially suppressed in less massive protogalaxies, the mass density in M~106Msolar SMBHs at z ~ 6 already exceeds the locally observed SMBH mass density by several orders of magnitude. We show that the X-rays from the earliest accreting BHs themselves can cause a self-regulation, by partially ionizing and heating the intergalactic medium (IGM). This ``global warming'' suppresses the formation and growth of subsequent generations of BHs in low-mass halos, and can produce excellent agreement with recent estimates of the z = 6 SMBH mass function, without impeding the growth of the largest (M>~109Msolar) holes, which reside in the most massive galaxies that formed first. The proposed gravitational-wave observatory eLISA could detect several tens of major mergers between SMBHs at z > 6. American Institute of Physics2012Kyoto, Japan eng AIP Conference Proceedings 0094-243X10.1063/1.4754372 1480303-308 yes Haiman Z, Tanaka T, Perna R. Self-regulating the early growth of black holes through global warming. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol 1480. American Institute of Physics; 2012:303-308. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372">10.1063/1.4754372</a> Z. Haiman, T. Tanaka, and R. Perna, “Self-regulating the early growth of black holes through global warming,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, Kyoto, Japan, 2012, vol. 1480, pp. 303–308. Haiman, Z., Tanaka, T., & Perna, R. (2012). Self-regulating the early growth of black holes through global warming. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1480, pp. 303–308). Kyoto, Japan: American Institute of Physics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372</a> Haiman, Zoltán, Takamitsu Tanaka, and Rosalba Perna. “Self-Regulating the Early Growth of Black Holes through Global Warming.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, 1480:303–8. American Institute of Physics, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372</a>. Haiman Z, Tanaka T, Perna R. 2012. Self-regulating the early growth of black holes through global warming. AIP Conference Proceedings. FIRST STARS IV - From Hayashi to the Future vol. 1480, 303–308. Haiman, Zoltán, et al. “Self-Regulating the Early Growth of Black Holes through Global Warming.” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1480, American Institute of Physics, 2012, pp. 303–08, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372">10.1063/1.4754372</a>. Z. Haiman, T. Tanaka, R. Perna, in:, AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics, 2012, pp. 303–308. 176512024-09-06T07:29:59Z2024-09-24T13:16:41Z