---
_id: '17663'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Recently, Planck measured a value of the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
    optical depth due to electron scattering of τ=0.066±0.016. Here we show that this
    low value leaves essentially no room for an early partial reionisation of the
    intergalactic medium (IGM) by high-redshift Population III (Pop III) stars, expected
    to have formed in low-mass minihaloes. We perform semi-analytic calculations of
    reionisation which include the contribution from Pop II stars in atomic cooling
    haloes, calibrated with high-redshift galaxy observations, and Pop III stars in
    minihaloes with feedback due to Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation and metal enrichment.
    We find that without LW feedback or prompt metal enrichment (and assuming a minihalo
    escape fraction of 0.5) the Pop III star formation efficiency cannot exceed ∼a
    few×10−4, without violating the constraints set by Planck data. This excludes
    massive Pop III star formation in typical 106M⊙ minihaloes. Including LW feedback
    and metal enrichment alleviates this tension, allowing large Pop III stars to
    form early on before they are quenched by feedback. We find that the total density
    of Pop III stars formed across cosmic time is ≲104−5 M⊙ Mpc−3 and does not depend
    strongly on the feedback prescription adopted. Additionally, we perform a simple
    estimate of the possible impact on reionisation of X-rays produced by accretion
    onto black hole remnants of Pop III stars. We find that unless the accretion duty
    cycle is very low (≲0.01), this could lead to an optical depth inconsistent with
    Planck.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Eli
  full_name: Visbal, Eli
  last_name: Visbal
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Greg L.
  full_name: Bryan, Greg L.
  last_name: Bryan
citation:
  ama: Visbal E, Haiman Z, Bryan GL. Limits on population III star formation in minihaloes
    implied by Planck. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2015;453(4):4457-4467.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1941">10.1093/mnras/stv1941</a>
  apa: Visbal, E., Haiman, Z., &#38; Bryan, G. L. (2015). Limits on population III
    star formation in minihaloes implied by Planck. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal
    Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1941">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1941</a>
  chicago: Visbal, Eli, Zoltán Haiman, and Greg L. Bryan. “Limits on Population III
    Star Formation in Minihaloes Implied by Planck.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal
    Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1941">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1941</a>.
  ieee: E. Visbal, Z. Haiman, and G. L. Bryan, “Limits on population III star formation
    in minihaloes implied by Planck,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society</i>, vol. 453, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 4457–4467, 2015.
  ista: Visbal E, Haiman Z, Bryan GL. 2015. Limits on population III star formation
    in minihaloes implied by Planck. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
    453(4), 4457–4467.
  mla: Visbal, Eli, et al. “Limits on Population III Star Formation in Minihaloes
    Implied by Planck.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>,
    vol. 453, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 4457–67, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1941">10.1093/mnras/stv1941</a>.
  short: E. Visbal, Z. Haiman, G.L. Bryan, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society 453 (2015) 4457–4467.
date_created: 2024-09-06T07:40:38Z
date_published: 2015-09-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-25T07:32:20Z
day: '16'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv1941
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1505.06359'
intvolume: '       453'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1505.06359'
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 4457-4467
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0035-8711
  - 1365-2966
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Limits on population III star formation in minihaloes implied by Planck
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 453
year: '2015'
...