---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - 'Surveys in the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud have revealed that the majority
    of massive stars will interact with companions during their lives. However, knowledge
    of the binary properties of massive stars at low metallicity, and therefore in
    conditions approaching those of the Early Universe, remain sparse. We present
    the Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM) campaign, an ESO large programme designed
    to obtain 25 epochs of spectroscopy for 929 massive stars in the Small Magellanic
    Cloud, allowing us to probe multiplicity in the lowest-metallicity conditions
    to date (Z = 0.2 Z⊙). BLOeM will provide (i) the binary fraction, (ii) the orbital
    configurations of systems with periods of P ≲ 3 yr, (iii) dormant black-hole binary
    candidates (OB+BH), and (iv) a legacy database of physical parameters of massive
    stars at low metallicity. Main sequence (OB-type) and evolved (OBAF-type) massive
    stars are observed with the LR02 setup of the GIRAFFE instrument of the Very Large
    Telescope (3960–4570 Å resolving power R = 6200; typical signal-to-noise ratio(S/N)
    ≈70–100). This paper utilises the first nine epochs obtained over a three-month
    time period. We describe the survey and data reduction, perform a spectral classification
    of the stacked spectra, and construct a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of the sample
    via spectral-type and photometric calibrations. Our detailed classification reveals
    that the sample covers spectral types from O4 to F5, spanning the effective temperature
    and luminosity ranges 6.5 ≲ Teff/kK ≲ 45 and 3.7 < log L/L⊙ < 6.1 and initial
    masses of 8 ≲ Mini ≲ 80 M⊙. The sample comprises 159 O-type stars, 331 early B-type
    (B0–3) dwarfs and giants (luminosity classes V–III), 303 early B-type supergiants
    (II–I), and 136 late-type BAF supergiants. At least 82 stars are OBe stars: 20
    O-type and 62 B-type (13% and 11% of the respective samples). In addition, the
    sample includes 4 high-mass X-ray binaries, 3 stars resembling luminous blue variables,
    2 bloated stripped-star candidates, 2 candidate magnetic stars, and 74 eclipsing
    binaries.@eng'
  bibo_authorlist:
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      foaf_name: Shenar, T.
      foaf_surname: Shenar
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      foaf_surname: Bodensteiner
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      foaf_surname: Sana
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    orcid: 0000-0002-6960-6911
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      foaf_surname: Van Son
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      foaf_surname: Vigna-Gómez
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      foaf_givenName: J. I.
      foaf_name: Villaseñor, J. I.
      foaf_surname: Villaseñor
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      foaf_givenName: J. S.
      foaf_name: Vink, J. S.
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      foaf_givenName: C.
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  bibo_doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451586
  bibo_volume: 690
  dct_date: 2024^xs_gYear
  dct_identifier:
  - UT:001336770600014
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0004-6361
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1432-0746
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: EDP Sciences@
  dct_title: 'Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): A spectroscopic VLT monitoring
    survey of massive stars in the SMC@'
...
