{"oa":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"2","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"10","title":"EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ista":"Eilers AC, Mackenzie R, Pizzati E, Matthee JJ, Hennawi JF, Zhang H, Bordoloi R, Kashino D, Lilly SJ, Naidu RP, Simcoe RA, Yue M, Frenk CS, Helly JC, Schaller M, Schaye J. 2024. EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. Astrophysical Journal. 974(2), 275.","apa":"Eilers, A. C., Mackenzie, R., Pizzati, E., Matthee, J. J., Hennawi, J. F., Zhang, H., … Schaye, J. (2024). EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b</a>","ieee":"A. C. Eilers <i>et al.</i>, “EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6,” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 974, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024.","chicago":"Eilers, Anna Christina, Ruari Mackenzie, Elia Pizzati, Jorryt J Matthee, Joseph F. Hennawi, Haowen Zhang, Rongmon Bordoloi, et al. “EIGER. VI. The Correlation Function, Host Halo Mass, and Duty Cycle of Luminous Quasars at z ≳ 6.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b</a>.","mla":"Eilers, Anna Christina, et al. “EIGER. VI. The Correlation Function, Host Halo Mass, and Duty Cycle of Luminous Quasars at z ≳ 6.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 974, no. 2, 275, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b</a>.","ama":"Eilers AC, Mackenzie R, Pizzati E, et al. EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;974(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b</a>","short":"A.C. Eilers, R. Mackenzie, E. Pizzati, J.J. Matthee, J.F. Hennawi, H. Zhang, R. Bordoloi, D. Kashino, S.J. Lilly, R.P. Naidu, R.A. Simcoe, M. Yue, C.S. Frenk, J.C. Helly, M. Schaller, J. Schaye, Astrophysical Journal 974 (2024)."},"isi":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"101076224","_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_created":"2024-11-03T23:01:45Z","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","volume":974,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"_id":"18494","article_number":"275","file":[{"file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJour_Eilers.pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2024-11-04T08:42:23Z","file_size":1042470,"date_created":"2024-11-04T08:42:23Z","creator":"dernst","checksum":"1fcac3d11d01d91cf2bb4963b6e10b22","file_id":"18496"}],"acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for the thoughtful comments, which significantly improved our manuscript, and Jan-Torge Schindler, Jiamu Huang, and Feige Wang for helpful discussions.\r\n\r\nJ.F.H. and E.P. acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 885301). J.M. acknowledges support from the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224).\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The JWST data presented in this article were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. The specific observations analyzed are associated with program #1243 and can be accessed via doi:10.17909/m5mp-5v90.\r\n\r\nThis work used the DiRAC Memory Intensive service (Cosma8) at the University of Durham, which is part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). Access to DiRAC resources was granted through a Directors Discretionary Time allocation in 2023/24, under the auspices of the UKRI-funded DiRAC Federation Project. The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, and ST/S002502/1, Durham University and STFC operations grant ST/R000832/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure.\r\n\r\nWe thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA-CSIC), Centro de Supercomputacion de Galicia (CESGA), and Spanish Academic and Research Network (RedIRIS) in Spain for hosting Uchuu DR1, DR2, and DR3 in the Skies & Universes site for cosmological simulations. The Uchuu simulations were carried out on the Aterui II supercomputer at the Center for Computational Astrophysics, CfCA, of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and the K computer at the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science. The Uchuu Data Releases efforts have made use of the skunIAA_RedIRIS and skun6IAA computer facilities managed by the IAA-CSIC in Spain (MICINN EU-Feder grant EQC2018-004366-P).","OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"gold","file_date_updated":"2024-11-04T08:42:23Z","year":"2024","abstract":[{"text":"We expect luminous (M 1450 ≲ −26.5) high-redshift quasars to trace the highest-density peaks in the early Universe. Here, we present observations of four z ≳ 6 quasar fields using JWST/NIRCam in the imaging and wide-field slitless spectroscopy mode and report a wide range in the number of detected [O iii]-emitting galaxies in the quasars’ environments, ranging between a density enhancement of δ ≈ 65 within a 2 cMpc radius—one of the largest protoclusters during the Epoch of Reionization discovered to date—to a density contrast consistent with zero, indicating the presence of a UV-luminous quasar in a region comparable to the average density of the Universe. By measuring the two-point cross-correlation function of quasars and their surrounding galaxies, as well as the galaxy autocorrelation function, we infer a correlation length of quasars at 〈z〉 = 6.25 of r 0 QQ = 22.0 − 2.9 + 3.0 cMpc h − 1 , while we obtain a correlation length of the [O iii]-emitting galaxies of r 0 GG = 4.1 ± 0.3 cMpc h − 1 . By comparing the correlation functions to dark-matter-only simulations we estimate the minimum mass of the quasars’ host dark matter halos to be log 10 ( M halo , min / M ⊙ ) = 12.43 − 0.15 + 0.13 (and log 10 ( M halo , min [ OIII ] / M ⊙ ) = 10.56 − 0.03 + 0.05 for the [O iii] emitters), indicating that (a) luminous quasars do not necessarily reside within the most overdense regions in the early Universe, and that (b) the UV-luminous duty cycle of quasar activity at these redshifts is f duty ≪ 1. Such short quasar activity timescales challenge our understanding of early supermassive black hole growth and provide evidence for highly dust-obscured growth phases or episodic, radiatively inefficient accretion rates.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Anna Christina","full_name":"Eilers, Anna Christina","last_name":"Eilers"},{"last_name":"Mackenzie","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","first_name":"Ruari"},{"last_name":"Pizzati","full_name":"Pizzati, Elia","first_name":"Elia"},{"last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","first_name":"Jorryt J","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J"},{"first_name":"Joseph F.","full_name":"Hennawi, Joseph F.","last_name":"Hennawi"},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Haowen","full_name":"Zhang, Haowen"},{"last_name":"Bordoloi","full_name":"Bordoloi, Rongmon","first_name":"Rongmon"},{"last_name":"Kashino","full_name":"Kashino, Daichi","first_name":"Daichi"},{"last_name":"Lilly","full_name":"Lilly, Simon J.","first_name":"Simon J."},{"last_name":"Naidu","first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P."},{"full_name":"Simcoe, Robert A.","first_name":"Robert A.","last_name":"Simcoe"},{"full_name":"Yue, Minghao","first_name":"Minghao","last_name":"Yue"},{"last_name":"Frenk","first_name":"Carlos S.","full_name":"Frenk, Carlos S."},{"full_name":"Helly, John C.","first_name":"John C.","last_name":"Helly"},{"last_name":"Schaller","full_name":"Schaller, Matthieu","first_name":"Matthieu"},{"last_name":"Schaye","full_name":"Schaye, Joop","first_name":"Joop"}],"publisher":"IOP Publishing","date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       974","day":"01","ddc":["520"],"DOAJ_listed":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"status":"public","date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:29:05Z","external_id":{"isi":["001338877100001"]},"department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"publication":"Astrophysical Journal"}