{"date_published":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","_id":"18523","file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"18542","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z","file_size":2954312,"checksum":"9ea6285dd1d04d7a9e7b40a4c9e11edb","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Pizzati.pdf"}],"year":"2024","file_date_updated":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae2307","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":534,"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","OA_type":"gold","publisher":"Oxford University Press","oa_version":"Published Version","citation":{"mla":"Pizzati, Elia, et al. “A Unified Model for the Clustering of Quasars and Galaxies at z ≈ 6.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 534, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 3155–75, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>.","ista":"Pizzati E, Hennawi JF, Schaye J, Schaller M, Eilers AC, Wang F, Frenk CS, Elbers W, Helly JC, Mackenzie R, Matthee JJ, Bordoloi R, Kashino D, Naidu RP, Yue M. 2024. A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 534(4), 3155–3175.","ieee":"E. Pizzati <i>et al.</i>, “A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 534, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 3155–3175, 2024.","short":"E. Pizzati, J.F. Hennawi, J. Schaye, M. Schaller, A.C. Eilers, F. Wang, C.S. Frenk, W. Elbers, J.C. Helly, R. Mackenzie, J.J. Matthee, R. Bordoloi, D. Kashino, R.P. Naidu, M. Yue, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 534 (2024) 3155–3175.","ama":"Pizzati E, Hennawi JF, Schaye J, et al. A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;534(4):3155-3175. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>","chicago":"Pizzati, Elia, Joseph F. Hennawi, Joop Schaye, Matthieu Schaller, Anna Christina Eilers, Feige Wang, Carlos S. Frenk, et al. “A Unified Model for the Clustering of Quasars and Galaxies at z ≈ 6.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>.","apa":"Pizzati, E., Hennawi, J. F., Schaye, J., Schaller, M., Eilers, A. C., Wang, F., … Yue, M. (2024). A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>"},"author":[{"first_name":"Elia","last_name":"Pizzati","full_name":"Pizzati, Elia"},{"full_name":"Hennawi, Joseph F.","last_name":"Hennawi","first_name":"Joseph F."},{"first_name":"Joop","last_name":"Schaye","full_name":"Schaye, Joop"},{"first_name":"Matthieu","last_name":"Schaller","full_name":"Schaller, Matthieu"},{"full_name":"Eilers, Anna Christina","first_name":"Anna Christina","last_name":"Eilers"},{"full_name":"Wang, Feige","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Feige"},{"full_name":"Frenk, Carlos S.","last_name":"Frenk","first_name":"Carlos S."},{"first_name":"Willem","last_name":"Elbers","full_name":"Elbers, Willem"},{"full_name":"Helly, John C.","first_name":"John C.","last_name":"Helly"},{"last_name":"Mackenzie","first_name":"Ruari","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari"},{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"first_name":"Rongmon","last_name":"Bordoloi","full_name":"Bordoloi, Rongmon"},{"last_name":"Kashino","first_name":"Daichi","full_name":"Kashino, Daichi"},{"first_name":"Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P."},{"last_name":"Yue","first_name":"Minghao","full_name":"Yue, Minghao"}],"scopus_import":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"ddc":["520"],"department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"date_created":"2024-11-10T23:01:58Z","OA_place":"publisher","oa":1,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","intvolume":"       534","page":"3155-3175","issue":"4","date_updated":"2024-11-12T07:26:04Z","month":"11","abstract":[{"text":"Recent observations from the EIGER JWST program have measured for the first time the quasar–galaxy cross-correlation function at z ≈ 6. The autocorrelation function of faint z ≈ 6 quasars was also recently estimated. These measurements provide key insights into the properties of quasars and galaxies at high redshift and their relation with the host dark matter haloes. In this work, we interpret these data building upon an empirical quasar population model that has been applied successfully to quasar clustering and demographic measurements at z ≈ 2–4. We use a new, large-volume N-body simulation with more than a trillion particles, FLAMINGO-10k, to model quasars and galaxies simultaneously. We successfully reproduce observations of z ≈ 6 quasars and galaxies (i.e. their clustering properties and luminosity functions), and infer key quantities such as their luminosity–halo mass relation, the mass function of their host haloes, and their duty cycle/occupation fraction. Our key findings\r\nare (i) quasars reside on average in ≈ 1012.5 M haloes (corresponding to ≈ 5σ fluctuations in the initial conditions of the linear density field), but the distribution of host halo masses is quite broad; (ii) the duty cycle of (UV-bright) quasar activity is relatively low (≈ 1 per cent); (iii) galaxies (that are bright in [O III]) live in much smaller haloes (≈ 1010.9 M) and have a larger duty cycle (occupation fraction) of ≈ 13 per cent. Finally, we focus on the inferred properties of quasars and present a homogeneous analysis of their evolution with redshift. The picture that emerges reveals a strong evolution of the host halo mass and duty cycle of quasars at z ≈ 2–6, and calls for new investigations of the role of quasar activity across cosmic time.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","title":"A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Junya Arita and the SHELLQs team for sharing their data on the quasar autocorrelation function and to Jan-Torge Schindler for discussion on the QLF. We acknowledge helpful conversations with the ENIGMA group at UC Santa Barbara and Leiden University. EP is grateful to Rob McGibbon and Victor Forouhar Moreno for help with the simulation outputs, and to Timo Kist, Jiamu Huang, and Vikram Khaire for comments on an early version of the manuscript. JFH and EP acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 885301). This work is partly supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860744 (BiD4BESt). FW acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-2308258. This work used the DiRAC Memory Intensive service (Cosma8) at the University of Durham, which is part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). Access to DiRAC resources was granted through a Director’s Discretionary Time allocation in 2023/24, under the auspices of the UKRI-funded\r\nDiRAC Federation Project. The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, and ST/S002502/1, Durham University, and STFC operations grant ST/R000832/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure.","publication_status":"published"}