{"type":"book_chapter","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are common in local galactic nuclei, and SMBHs as massive as several billion solar masses already exist at redshift z = 6. These earliest SMBHs may grow by the combination of radiation-pressure-limited accretion and mergers of stellar-mass seed BHs, left behind by the first generation of metal-free stars, or may be formed by more rapid direct collapse of gas in rare special environments where dense gas can accumulate without first fragmenting into stars. This chapter offers a review of these two competing scenarios, as well as some more exotic alternative ideas. It also briefly discusses how the different models may be distinguished in the future by observations with JWST, LISA and other instruments.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"293-341","OA_type":"green","status":"public","scopus_import":"1","arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2012","external_id":{"arxiv":["1203.6075"]},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"day":"01","OA_place":"repository","_id":"18737","publication_status":"published","place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","month":"01","title":"The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes","author":[{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","extern":"1","date_published":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.6075","open_access":"1"}],"publication":"The First Galaxies","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2214-7985"],"issn":["0067-0057"],"isbn":["9783642323614"],"eisbn":["9783642323621"]},"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","alternative_title":["Astrophysics and Space Science Library"],"date_updated":"2025-01-07T13:01:05Z","citation":{"mla":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes.” <i>The First Galaxies</i>, edited by Tommy Wiklind et al., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 293–341, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6\">10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6</a>.","ama":"Haiman Z. The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes. In: Wiklind T, Mobasher B, Brumm V, eds. <i>The First Galaxies</i>. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012:293-341. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6\">10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6</a>","chicago":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes.” In <i>The First Galaxies</i>, edited by Tommy Wiklind, Bahram Mobasher, and Volker Brumm, 293–341. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6</a>.","ieee":"Z. Haiman, “The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes,” in <i>The First Galaxies</i>, T. Wiklind, B. Mobasher, and V. Brumm, Eds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 293–341.","short":"Z. Haiman, in:, T. Wiklind, B. Mobasher, V. Brumm (Eds.), The First Galaxies, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 293–341.","ista":"Haiman Z. 2012.The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes. In: The First Galaxies. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, , 293–341.","apa":"Haiman, Z. (2012). The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes. In T. Wiklind, B. Mobasher, &#38; V. Brumm (Eds.), <i>The First Galaxies</i> (pp. 293–341). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6</a>"},"editor":[{"last_name":"Wiklind","first_name":"Tommy","full_name":"Wiklind, Tommy"},{"first_name":"Bahram","full_name":"Mobasher, Bahram","last_name":"Mobasher"},{"last_name":"Brumm","full_name":"Brumm, Volker","first_name":"Volker"}],"date_created":"2025-01-03T12:30:53Z"}