article published yes Miroslav Homola author Renate Carina Büttner author 3b7984c9-17ff-11ed-b6fe-f943c4a5b626 Tibor Füzik author Pavel Křepelka author Radka Holbová author Jiří Nováček author Marten L. Chaillet author Jakub Žák author Danyil Grybchuk author Friedrich Förster author William H. Wilson author Declan C. Schroeder author Pavel Plevka author EM-Fac department The globally distributed marine alga Emiliania huxleyi has cooling effect on the Earth’s climate. The population density of E. huxleyi is restricted by Nucleocytoviricota viruses, including E. huxleyi virus 201 (EhV-201). Despite the impact of E. huxleyi viruses on the climate, there is limited information about their structure and replication. Here, we show that the dsDNA genome inside the EhV-201 virion is protected by an inner membrane, capsid, and outer membrane. EhV-201 virions infect E. huxleyi by using fivefold vertices to bind to and fuse the virus’ inner membrane with the cell plasma membrane. Progeny virions assemble in the cytoplasm at the surface of endoplasmic reticulum–derived membrane segments. Genome packaging initiates synchronously with the capsid assembly and completes through an aperture in the forming capsid. The genome-filled capsids acquire an outer membrane by budding into intracellular vesicles. EhV-201 infection induces a loss of surface protective layers from E. huxleyi cells, which enables the continuous release of virions by exocytosis. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/18920/18921/2024_ScienceAdv_Homola.pdf application/pdfno American Association for the Advancement of Science2024 eng 2375-2548 3859862710.1126/sciadv.adk1954 1015 https://github.com/fuzikt/tomostarpy. Homola M, Büttner RC, Füzik T, et al. Structure and replication cycle of a virus infecting climate-modulating alga Emiliania huxleyi. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2024;10(15). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1954">10.1126/sciadv.adk1954</a> M. Homola, R.C. Büttner, T. Füzik, P. Křepelka, R. Holbová, J. Nováček, M.L. Chaillet, J. Žák, D. Grybchuk, F. Förster, W.H. Wilson, D.C. Schroeder, P. Plevka, Science Advances 10 (2024). M. Homola <i>et al.</i>, “Structure and replication cycle of a virus infecting climate-modulating alga Emiliania huxleyi,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 10, no. 15. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024. Homola, Miroslav, et al. “Structure and Replication Cycle of a Virus Infecting Climate-Modulating Alga Emiliania Huxleyi.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 10, no. 15, eadk1954, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1954">10.1126/sciadv.adk1954</a>. Homola, Miroslav, Renate Carina Büttner, Tibor Füzik, Pavel Křepelka, Radka Holbová, Jiří Nováček, Marten L. Chaillet, et al. “Structure and Replication Cycle of a Virus Infecting Climate-Modulating Alga Emiliania Huxleyi.” <i>Science Advances</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1954">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1954</a>. Homola M, Büttner RC, Füzik T, Křepelka P, Holbová R, Nováček J, Chaillet ML, Žák J, Grybchuk D, Förster F, Wilson WH, Schroeder DC, Plevka P. 2024. Structure and replication cycle of a virus infecting climate-modulating alga Emiliania huxleyi. Science Advances. 10(15), eadk1954. Homola, M., Büttner, R. C., Füzik, T., Křepelka, P., Holbová, R., Nováček, J., … Plevka, P. (2024). Structure and replication cycle of a virus infecting climate-modulating alga Emiliania huxleyi. <i>Science Advances</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1954">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1954</a> 189202025-01-27T14:32:34Z2025-05-14T09:29:04Z