--- res: bibo_abstract: - Cerebellar motor learning is suggested to be caused by long-term plasticity of excitatory parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses associated with changes in the number of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). However, whether the AMPARs decrease or increase in individual PF-PC synapses occurs in physiological motor learning and accounts for memory that lasts over days remains elusive. We combined quantitative SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling for AMPAR and physical dissector electron microscopy with a simple model of cerebellar motor learning, adaptation of horizontal optokinetic response (HOKR) in mouse. After 1-h training of HOKR, short-term adaptation (STA) was accompanied with transient decrease in AMPARs by 28% in target PF-PC synapses. STA was well correlated with AMPAR decrease in individual animals and both STA and AMPAR decrease recovered to basal levels within 24 h. Surprisingly, long-termadaptation (LTA) after five consecutive daily trainings of 1-h HOKR did not alter the number of AMPARs in PF-PC synapses but caused gradual and persistent synapse elimination by 45%, with corresponding PC spine loss by the fifth training day. Furthermore, recovery of LTA after 2 wk was well correlated with increase of PF-PC synapses to the control level. Our findings indicate that the AMPARs decrease in PF-PC synapses and the elimination of these synapses are in vivo engrams in short- and long-term motor learning, respectively, showing a unique type of synaptic plasticity that may contribute to memory consolidation.@eng bibo_authorlist: - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Wen foaf_name: Wang, Wen foaf_surname: Wang - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Kazuhiko foaf_name: Nakadate, Kazuhiko foaf_surname: Nakadate - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Miwako foaf_name: Masugi Tokita, Miwako foaf_surname: Masugi Tokita - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Fumihiro foaf_name: Shutoh, Fumihiro foaf_surname: Shutoh - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Wajeeha foaf_name: Aziz, Wajeeha foaf_surname: Aziz - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Etsuko foaf_name: Tarusawa, Etsuko foaf_surname: Tarusawa - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Andrea foaf_name: Lörincz, Andrea foaf_surname: Lörincz - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Elek foaf_name: Molnár, Elek foaf_surname: Molnár - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Sebnem foaf_name: Kesaf, Sebnem foaf_surname: Kesaf foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=401AB46C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Yunqing foaf_name: Li, Yunqing foaf_surname: Li - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Yugo foaf_name: Fukazawa, Yugo foaf_surname: Fukazawa - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Soichi foaf_name: Nagao, Soichi foaf_surname: Nagao - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Ryuichi foaf_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi foaf_surname: Shigemoto foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 bibo_doi: 10.1073/pnas.1315541111 bibo_issue: '1' bibo_volume: 111 dct_date: 2014^xs_gYear dct_language: eng dct_publisher: National Academy of Sciences@ dct_title: Distinct cerebellar engrams in short-term and long-term motor learning@ ...