---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "Gene expression is crucial for cell differentiation, development and survival
    of\r\norganisms. It consists of several steps, starting with transcription that
    is mediated by\r\nRNA polymerases. These are protein machineries transcribing
    and producing different\r\ntypes of RNAs. Although, the individual steps of transcription
    by RNA polymerase II\r\n(Pol II) as well as the structure of Pol II has been extensively
    studied, surprisingly,\r\nthere is still little known about its regulation and
    assembly in cytoplasm. Among the\r\nproteins that are important in biogenesis
    of Pol II are RNA polymerase II associating\r\nproteins (RPAP) and small GPN-loop
    GTPases (GPN). Both of these protein groups\r\nwere shown to take essential part
    in assembly of Pol II.\r\nThe aim of this project was to deepen our knowledge
    in regulation of Pol II in\r\nthe cytoplasm as well as the proteins involved in
    this process. Techniques of structural\r\nbiology, biochemistry and cell biology
    were employed to study and characterize cytoplasmic Pol II and its interacting
    partners.\r\nThis study shows for the first time the structure of cytoplasmic
    Pol II at high\r\nresolution. The structure also reveals proteins interacting
    with Pol II in cytoplasm,\r\nnamely GDOWN1, RPAP2. Comparing the structure of
    cytoplasmic Pol II with transcribing Pol II revealed striking difference in clamp
    region that is not in closed state.\r\nFurthermore, GDOWN1 and RPAP2 make steric
    clashes with various transcription\r\nfactors bound to Pol II during different
    stages of transcription. Even though GPN1 and\r\nGPN3 proteins were not resolved
    in the cytoplasmic Pol II structure, they are part of\r\nthe complex and their
    interaction with Pol II was confirmed in vitro. RPAP2 stabilizes\r\nthese proteins
    on Pol II and several experiments suggest that they interact with the\r\nclamp
    region. In addition, GDOWN1, RPAP2 and GPNs might keep clamp in open or\r\npartially
    open state. Based on these results I propose a novel model of regulation of\r\nPol
    II in cytoplasm. GDOWN1, RPAP2, GPN1 and GPN3 bind to Pol II in cytoplasm\r\nand
    doing so they can prevent pre-mature binding of DNA or RNA and different transcription
    factors to Pol II in cytoplasm or before engaging in transcription nucleus.\r\nThis
    research contributes to the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms\r\nof Pol
    II regulation in cytoplasm.@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Annamaria
      foaf_name: Hlavata, Annamaria
      foaf_surname: Hlavata
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=36062FEC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  bibo_doi: 10.15479/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19431
  dct_date: 2025^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2663-337X
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/978-3-99078-055-8
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria@
  dct_title: Regulation of Cytoplasmic RNA Polymerase II@
...