article published yes Sergiu P. Pașca author Paola Arlotta author Helen S. Bateup author J. Gray Camp author Silvia Cappello author Fred H. Gage author Jürgen A. Knoblich author Arnold R. Kriegstein author Madeline A. Lancaster author Guo Li Ming author Gaia Novarino author 3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0002-7673-7178 Hideyuki Okano author Malin Parmar author In Hyun Park author Orly Reiner author Hongjun Song author Lorenz Studer author Jun Takahashi author Sally Temple author Giuseppe Testa author Barbara Treutlein author Flora M. Vaccarino author Pierre Vanderhaeghen author Tracy Young-Pearse author GaNo department As the field of neural organoids and assembloids expands, there is an emergent need for guidance and advice on designing, conducting and reporting experiments to increase the reproducibility and utility of these models. In this Perspective, we present a framework for the experimental process that encompasses ensuring the quality and integrity of human pluripotent stem cells, characterizing and manipulating neural cells in vitro, transplantation techniques and considerations for modelling human development, evolution and disease. As with all scientific endeavours, we advocate for rigorous experimental designs tailored to explicit scientific questions as well as transparent methodologies and data sharing to provide useful knowledge for current research practices and for developing regulatory standards. Springer Nature2025 eng 0028-0836 1476-4687 39653126 00143746190000110.1038/s41586-024-08487-6 6398054315-320 Pașca, Sergiu P., Paola Arlotta, Helen S. Bateup, J. Gray Camp, Silvia Cappello, Fred H. Gage, Jürgen A. Knoblich, et al. “A Framework for Neural Organoids, Assembloids and Transplantation Studies.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6</a>. Pașca, S. P., Arlotta, P., Bateup, H. S., Camp, J. G., Cappello, S., Gage, F. H., … Young-Pearse, T. (2025). A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6</a> S.P. Pașca, P. Arlotta, H.S. Bateup, J.G. Camp, S. Cappello, F.H. Gage, J.A. Knoblich, A.R. Kriegstein, M.A. Lancaster, G.L. Ming, G. Novarino, H. Okano, M. Parmar, I.H. Park, O. Reiner, H. Song, L. Studer, J. Takahashi, S. Temple, G. Testa, B. Treutlein, F.M. Vaccarino, P. Vanderhaeghen, T. Young-Pearse, Nature 639 (2025) 315–320. Pașca SP, Arlotta P, Bateup HS, Camp JG, Cappello S, Gage FH, Knoblich JA, Kriegstein AR, Lancaster MA, Ming GL, Novarino G, Okano H, Parmar M, Park IH, Reiner O, Song H, Studer L, Takahashi J, Temple S, Testa G, Treutlein B, Vaccarino FM, Vanderhaeghen P, Young-Pearse T. 2025. A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies. Nature. 639(8054), 315–320. Pașca SP, Arlotta P, Bateup HS, et al. A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;639(8054):315-320. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6">10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6</a> Pașca, Sergiu P., et al. “A Framework for Neural Organoids, Assembloids and Transplantation Studies.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 639, no. 8054, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 315–20, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6">10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6</a>. S. P. Pașca <i>et al.</i>, “A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 639, no. 8054. Springer Nature, pp. 315–320, 2025. 194442025-03-23T23:01:27Z2025-09-30T11:13:47Z