{"ddc":["000"],"isi":1,"intvolume":"       122","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2419273122","acknowledgement":"We thank the reviewers. In particular, they inspired us to analyze the reset and state-preparation problems, to compute optimal qubit mappings, and to apply our method to a quantum error correction scheme that includes both bitflip and phaseflip corrections. We also thank Raimundo Saona and Marek Chalupa for their time spent in insightful discussions. This research was partially supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) grant.","date_created":"2025-04-06T22:01:32Z","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["40106357"],"isi":["001459435600001"]},"pmid":1,"article_number":"e2419273122","issue":"12","publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","citation":{"mla":"Muroya Lei, Stefanie, et al. “Hardware-Optimal Quantum Algorithms.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 122, no. 12, e2419273122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122\">10.1073/pnas.2419273122</a>.","ieee":"S. Muroya Lei, K. Chatterjee, and T. A. Henzinger, “Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms,” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 122, no. 12. National Academy of Sciences, 2025.","ista":"Muroya Lei S, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. 2025. Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(12), e2419273122.","short":"S. Muroya Lei, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025).","apa":"Muroya Lei, S., Chatterjee, K., &#38; Henzinger, T. A. (2025). Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122</a>","chicago":"Muroya Lei, Stefanie, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Hardware-Optimal Quantum Algorithms.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122</a>.","ama":"Muroya Lei S, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. 2025;122(12). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122\">10.1073/pnas.2419273122</a>"},"file":[{"success":1,"checksum":"83501b8a65ee5fdd3f5604fc28eddc22","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-04-07T11:42:22Z","access_level":"open_access","file_size":6805668,"file_id":"19524","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2025_PNAS_Muroya.pdf","date_updated":"2025-04-07T11:42:22Z"}],"_id":"19499","volume":122,"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","oa":1,"title":"Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms","OA_type":"hybrid","date_updated":"2026-04-28T13:41:14Z","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","status":"public","file_date_updated":"2025-04-07T11:42:22Z","type":"journal_article","month":"03","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum hardware is inherently fragile and noisy. We find that the accuracy of traditional quantum error correction algorithms can be improved depending on the hardware. Given different hardware specifications, we automatically synthesize hardware-optimal algorithms for parity correction, qubit resetting, and GHZ (Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger) state preparation. Using stochastic techniques from computer science, our method presents a computational tool to compute exact accuracy guarantees and synthesize optimal algorithms that are often different from traditional ones. We also show that improvements can be gained with respect to the Qiskit transpiler as we compute the hardware-optimal qubit mapping for the GHZ state-preparation problem."}],"project":[{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818"}],"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","year":"2025","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"ToHe"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Muroya Lei","full_name":"Muroya Lei, Stefanie","id":"a376de31-8972-11ed-ae7b-d0251c13c8ff","first_name":"Stefanie"},{"first_name":"Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"software","url":"https://github.com/smml1996/algorithm_synthesis"},{"description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/hardware-optimal-quantum-algorithms/"}]},"OA_place":"publisher","ec_funded":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122","corr_author":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"25","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"],"eissn":["1091-6490"]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"oa_version":"Published Version"}