---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '19662'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We investigate the effect of changes in the Coriolis force caused by changes
in the rotation rate on the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiant energy budget of an
aquaplanet general circulation model with prescribed sea surface temperatures.
We analyse the effective radiative forcing caused by changes from Earth-like rotation
to values between 1/32 and 8 times the Earth's rotation rate. The forcing differs
by about 60 W m−2 between the fastest and slowest rotation cases, with a monotonically
increasing positive forcing for faster-than-Earth-like rotations and a non-monotonically
increasing negative forcing for slower rotations. The largest contributions to
the forcing are due to changes in, in this order, the shortwave cloud radiative
effect (SWCRE) and the clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). From the fastest
to the slowest rotation, the Hadley cell expands and the troposphere becomes drier,
increasing the OLR. This contributes to negative forcing at slower-than-Earth-like
rotations and to positive forcing at faster-than-Earth-like rotations. The SWCRE
is influenced by changes in the low-level cloudiness within the Hadley cell and
the baroclinic regime. With the expansion of the Hadley cell, the area of enhanced
tropospheric stability increases, resulting in more low-level clouds, a higher
SWCRE, and increased negative forcing. The non-monotonicity results from an intermediate
decrease in the SWCRE caused by the disappearance of baroclinic eddies as the
Hadley cell reaches global extension. At rotations faster than Earth-like, the
decrease in the SWCRE, mainly due to the weakening of baroclinic eddies and storm
systems, leads to an increase in positive forcing. In summary, changes in the
SWCRE, driven by different circulation responses at slower-than-Earth-like and
faster-than-Earth-like rotations, strongly influence the TOA radiant energy budget.
These effects, along with a substantial contribution from the clear-sky OLR, could
impact the habitability of Earth-like rotating planets.
acknowledgement: "We thank Bjorn Stevens for suggesting the study and for substantial
ideas along the way. We also thank Sebastian Rast for helping with the model compilation.
This work used resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) under project
ID mh0066 for our experiments and analysis. Jiawei Bao acknowledges the European
Union's Horizon 2020 for funding.Jiawei Bao has been supported by the European Union's
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under a Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant
(grant agreement no. 101034413).\r\nThe article processing charges for this open-access
publication were covered by the Max Planck Society."
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Abisha Mary
full_name: Gnanaraj, Abisha Mary
last_name: Gnanaraj
- first_name: Jiawei
full_name: Bao, Jiawei
id: bb9a7399-fefd-11ed-be3c-ae648fd1d160
last_name: Bao
- first_name: Hauke
full_name: Schmidt, Hauke
last_name: Schmidt
citation:
ama: 'Gnanaraj AM, Bao J, Schmidt H. The impact of the rotation rate on an aquaplanet’s
radiant energy budget: Insights from experiments varying the Coriolis parameter.
Weather and Climate Dynamics. 2025;6(2):489-503. doi:10.5194/wcd-6-489-2025'
apa: 'Gnanaraj, A. M., Bao, J., & Schmidt, H. (2025). The impact of the rotation
rate on an aquaplanet’s radiant energy budget: Insights from experiments varying
the Coriolis parameter. Weather and Climate Dynamics. Copernicus Publications.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-489-2025'
chicago: 'Gnanaraj, Abisha Mary, Jiawei Bao, and Hauke Schmidt. “The Impact of the
Rotation Rate on an Aquaplanet’s Radiant Energy Budget: Insights from Experiments
Varying the Coriolis Parameter.” Weather and Climate Dynamics. Copernicus
Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-489-2025.'
ieee: 'A. M. Gnanaraj, J. Bao, and H. Schmidt, “The impact of the rotation rate
on an aquaplanet’s radiant energy budget: Insights from experiments varying the
Coriolis parameter,” Weather and Climate Dynamics, vol. 6, no. 2. Copernicus
Publications, pp. 489–503, 2025.'
ista: 'Gnanaraj AM, Bao J, Schmidt H. 2025. The impact of the rotation rate on an
aquaplanet’s radiant energy budget: Insights from experiments varying the Coriolis
parameter. Weather and Climate Dynamics. 6(2), 489–503.'
mla: 'Gnanaraj, Abisha Mary, et al. “The Impact of the Rotation Rate on an Aquaplanet’s
Radiant Energy Budget: Insights from Experiments Varying the Coriolis Parameter.”
Weather and Climate Dynamics, vol. 6, no. 2, Copernicus Publications, 2025,
pp. 489–503, doi:10.5194/wcd-6-489-2025.'
short: A.M. Gnanaraj, J. Bao, H. Schmidt, Weather and Climate Dynamics 6 (2025)
489–503.
date_created: 2025-05-11T22:02:38Z
date_published: 2025-04-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-09T08:40:18Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: CaMu
doi: 10.5194/wcd-6-489-2025
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 2ea68f7e51ee39ccb6886719a83a78ca
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-05-12T08:23:10Z
date_updated: 2025-05-12T08:23:10Z
file_id: '19680'
file_name: 2025_WeatherClimateDynam_Gnanaraj.pdf
file_size: 6500575
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-05-12T08:23:10Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 6'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 489-503
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: Weather and Climate Dynamics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2698-4016
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The impact of the rotation rate on an aquaplanet''s radiant energy budget:
Insights from experiments varying the Coriolis parameter'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2025'
...