@article{20182,
  abstract     = {Sex chromosomes have evolved many times throughout the tree of life, and understanding what has shaped their unusual morphological, sequence, and regulatory features has been a long-standing goal. Most early insights into insect sex chromosome biology came from a few model species, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which limited broad-scale evolutionary inferences. More recently, extensive comparative genomics studies have uncovered several unexpected patterns, which we highlight in this review. First, we describe the conservation of the ancestral X chromosome over 450 million years but also its recurrent turnover (i.e. its reversal to an autosome when a new X chromosome arose) in at least one order. We then summarize classical and more recent findings on how insects modulate the expression of X-linked genes following the degradation of the Y chromosome and how the diverse mechanisms of dosage compensation identified may elucidate important principles of sex chromosome regulatory evolution.},
  author       = {Toups, Melissa A and Vicoso, Beatriz},
  issn         = {2214-5753},
  journal      = {Current Opinion in Insect Science},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Insect sex chromosome evolution: Conservation, turnover, and mechanisms of dosage compensation}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.cois.2025.101411},
  volume       = {72},
  year         = {2025},
}