{"OA_place":"publisher","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Dielectric breakdown of physical vacuum (Schwinger effect) is the textbook demonstration of compatibility of Relativity and Quantum theory. Although observing this effect is still practically unachievable, its analogue generalizations have been shown to be more readily attainable. This paper demonstrates that a gapped Dirac semiconductor, methylammonium lead-bromide perovskite (MAPbBr3), exhibits analogue dynamic Schwinger effect. Tunneling ionization under deep subgap mid-infrared irradiation leads to intense photoluminescence in the visible range, in full agreement with quasi-adiabatic theory. In addition to revealing a gapped extended system suitable for studying the analogue Schwinger effect, this observation holds great potential for nonperturbative field sensing, i.e., sensing electric fields through nonperturbative light-matter interactions. First, this paper illustrates this by measuring the local deviation from the nominally cubic phase of a perovskite single crystal, which can be interpreted in terms of frozen-in fields. Next, it is shown that analogue dynamic Schwinger effect can be used for nonperturbative amplification of nonparametric upconversion process in perovskites driven simultaneously by multiple optical fields. This discovery demonstrates the potential for material response beyond perturbation theory in the tunneling regime, offering extremely sensitive light detection and amplification across an ultrabroad spectral range not accessible by conventional devices."}],"year":"2025","date_created":"2025-09-28T22:01:26Z","author":[{"last_name":"Lorenc","id":"40D8A3E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Lorenc, Dusan","first_name":"Dusan"},{"last_name":"Volosniev","id":"37D278BC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-0393-5525","full_name":"Volosniev, Artem","first_name":"Artem"},{"last_name":"Zhumekenov","first_name":"Ayan A.","full_name":"Zhumekenov, Ayan A."},{"first_name":"Seungho","full_name":"Lee, Seungho","orcid":"0000-0002-6962-8598","id":"BB243B88-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","last_name":"Lee"},{"last_name":"Ibáñez","id":"43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Maria","orcid":"0000-0001-5013-2843","full_name":"Ibáñez, Maria"},{"last_name":"Bakr","first_name":"Osman M.","full_name":"Bakr, Osman M."},{"id":"37CB05FA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Lemeshko","first_name":"Mikhail","full_name":"Lemeshko, Mikhail","orcid":"0000-0002-6990-7802"},{"id":"45E67A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Alpichshev","first_name":"Zhanybek","full_name":"Alpichshev, Zhanybek","orcid":"0000-0002-7183-5203"}],"status":"public","publication":"ACS Photonics","publication_status":"published","OA_type":"hybrid","corr_author":"1","intvolume":"        12","_id":"20405","volume":12,"issue":"9","department":[{"_id":"MaIb"},{"_id":"MiLe"},{"_id":"ZhAl"}],"type":"journal_article","publisher":"American Chemical Society","month":"08","day":"11","has_accepted_license":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"arxiv":1,"project":[{"name":"HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery","_id":"9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ieee":"D. Lorenc <i>et al.</i>, “Observation of analogue dynamic Schwinger effect and non-perturbative light sensing in lead halide perovskites,” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, vol. 12, no. 9. American Chemical Society, pp. 5220–5230, 2025.","chicago":"Lorenc, Dusan, Artem Volosniev, Ayan A. Zhumekenov, Seungho Lee, Maria Ibáñez, Osman M. Bakr, Mikhail Lemeshko, and Zhanybek Alpichshev. “Observation of Analogue Dynamic Schwinger Effect and Non-Perturbative Light Sensing in Lead Halide Perovskites.” <i>ACS Photonics</i>. American Chemical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360</a>.","apa":"Lorenc, D., Volosniev, A., Zhumekenov, A. A., Lee, S., Ibáñez, M., Bakr, O. M., … Alpichshev, Z. (2025). Observation of analogue dynamic Schwinger effect and non-perturbative light sensing in lead halide perovskites. <i>ACS Photonics</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360</a>","ama":"Lorenc D, Volosniev A, Zhumekenov AA, et al. Observation of analogue dynamic Schwinger effect and non-perturbative light sensing in lead halide perovskites. <i>ACS Photonics</i>. 2025;12(9):5220-5230. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360\">10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360</a>","ista":"Lorenc D, Volosniev A, Zhumekenov AA, Lee S, Ibáñez M, Bakr OM, Lemeshko M, Alpichshev Z. 2025. Observation of analogue dynamic Schwinger effect and non-perturbative light sensing in lead halide perovskites. ACS Photonics. 12(9), 5220–5230.","short":"D. Lorenc, A. Volosniev, A.A. Zhumekenov, S. Lee, M. Ibáñez, O.M. Bakr, M. Lemeshko, Z. Alpichshev, ACS Photonics 12 (2025) 5220–5230.","mla":"Lorenc, Dusan, et al. “Observation of Analogue Dynamic Schwinger Effect and Non-Perturbative Light Sensing in Lead Halide Perovskites.” <i>ACS Photonics</i>, vol. 12, no. 9, American Chemical Society, 2025, pp. 5220–30, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360\">10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360</a>."},"date_updated":"2025-10-20T11:04:49Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-10-20T11:02:21Z","file_size":6609950,"file_name":"2025_ACSPhotonics_Lorenc.pdf","date_created":"2025-10-20T11:02:21Z","file_id":"20502","checksum":"d42476279287a9a2f8aeafaef032f4a7","success":1}],"oa":1,"ddc":["540","530"],"date_published":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","title":"Observation of analogue dynamic Schwinger effect and non-perturbative light sensing in lead halide perovskites","acknowledgement":"A.G.V. thanks Peter Balling for useful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF), and by the Werner Siemens Foundation (WSS) for financial support.","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01360","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2330-4022"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"page":"5220-5230","oa_version":"Published Version","file_date_updated":"2025-10-20T11:02:21Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2406.05032"]}}