---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - 'Background: CRISPR is a microbial immune system likely to be involved in host-parasite
    coevolution. It functions using target sequences encoded by the bacterial genome,
    which interfere with invading nucleic acids using a homology-dependent system.
    The system also requires protospacer associated motifs (PAMs), short motifs close
    to the target sequence that are required for interference in CRISPR types I and
    II. Here, we investigate whether PAMs are depleted in phage genomes due to selection
    pressure to escape recognition.Results: To this end, we analyzed two data sets.
    Phages infecting all bacterial hosts were analyzed first, followed by a detailed
    analysis of phages infecting the genus Streptococcus, where PAMs are best understood.
    We use two different measures of motif underrepresentation that control for codon
    bias and the frequency of submotifs. We compare phages infecting species with
    a particular CRISPR type to those infecting species without that type. Since only
    known PAMs were investigated, the analysis is restricted to CRISPR types I-C and
    I-E and in Streptococcus to types I-C and II. We found evidence for PAM depletion
    in Streptococcus phages infecting hosts with CRISPR type I-C, in Vibrio phages
    infecting hosts with CRISPR type I-E and in Streptococcus thermopilus phages infecting
    hosts with type II-A, known as CRISPR3.Conclusions: The observed motif depletion
    in phages with hosts having CRISPR can be attributed to selection rather than
    to mutational bias, as mutational bias should affect the phages of all hosts.
    This observation implies that the CRISPR system has been efficient in the groups
    discussed here.@eng'
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Anne
      foaf_name: Kupczok, Anne
      foaf_surname: Kupczok
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=2BB22BC2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jonathan P
      foaf_name: Bollback, Jonathan P
      foaf_surname: Bollback
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
    orcid: 0000-0002-4624-4612
  bibo_doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-663
  bibo_issue: '1'
  bibo_volume: 15
  dct_date: 2014^xs_gYear
  dct_identifier:
  - UT:000341528300001
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: BioMed Central@
  dct_title: Motif depletion in bacteriophages infecting hosts with CRISPR systems@
...