{"file_date_updated":"2025-11-04T07:56:19Z","oa_version":"Published Version","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"title":"Bridging solution and solid-state mechanism: Confined quasi-solid-state conversion in Li–S batteries","author":[{"first_name":"Pronoy","full_name":"Dutta, Pronoy","last_name":"Dutta"},{"first_name":"Jean Marc","full_name":"Von Mentlen, Jean Marc","last_name":"Von Mentlen"},{"last_name":"Mondal","first_name":"Soumyadip","full_name":"Mondal, Soumyadip","id":"d25d21ef-dc8d-11ea-abe3-ec4576307f48"},{"full_name":"Kostoglou, Nikolaos","first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Kostoglou"},{"last_name":"Wilts","first_name":"Bodo D.","full_name":"Wilts, Bodo D."},{"last_name":"Freunberger","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","first_name":"Stefan Alexander"},{"last_name":"Zickler","full_name":"Zickler, Gregor A.","first_name":"Gregor A."},{"last_name":"Prehal","first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Prehal, Christian"}],"publication":"ACS Energy Letters","isi":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","date_updated":"2025-12-01T15:11:44Z","ddc":["540"],"day":"25","date_published":"2025-10-25T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"hybrid","article_type":"letter_note","volume":10,"PlanS_conform":"1","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"P. Dutta <i>et al.</i>, “Bridging solution and solid-state mechanism: Confined quasi-solid-state conversion in Li–S batteries,” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, vol. 10. American Chemical Society, pp. 5722–5732, 2025.","apa":"Dutta, P., Von Mentlen, J. M., Mondal, S., Kostoglou, N., Wilts, B. D., Freunberger, S. A., … Prehal, C. (2025). Bridging solution and solid-state mechanism: Confined quasi-solid-state conversion in Li–S batteries. <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093</a>","chicago":"Dutta, Pronoy, Jean Marc Von Mentlen, Soumyadip Mondal, Nikolaos Kostoglou, Bodo D. Wilts, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Gregor A. Zickler, and Christian Prehal. “Bridging Solution and Solid-State Mechanism: Confined Quasi-Solid-State Conversion in Li–S Batteries.” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093</a>.","ista":"Dutta P, Von Mentlen JM, Mondal S, Kostoglou N, Wilts BD, Freunberger SA, Zickler GA, Prehal C. 2025. Bridging solution and solid-state mechanism: Confined quasi-solid-state conversion in Li–S batteries. ACS Energy Letters. 10, 5722–5732.","short":"P. Dutta, J.M. Von Mentlen, S. Mondal, N. Kostoglou, B.D. Wilts, S.A. Freunberger, G.A. Zickler, C. Prehal, ACS Energy Letters 10 (2025) 5722–5732.","mla":"Dutta, Pronoy, et al. “Bridging Solution and Solid-State Mechanism: Confined Quasi-Solid-State Conversion in Li–S Batteries.” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, vol. 10, American Chemical Society, 2025, pp. 5722–32, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093\">10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093</a>.","ama":"Dutta P, Von Mentlen JM, Mondal S, et al. Bridging solution and solid-state mechanism: Confined quasi-solid-state conversion in Li–S batteries. <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. 2025;10:5722-5732. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093\">10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093</a>"},"has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"American Chemical Society","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","oa":1,"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"5722-5732","acknowledgement":"This work was funded by the European Union (ERC-2022-STG, SOLIDCON, 101078271). Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. TEM measurements were carried out on a JEOL JEM F200 TEM equipped with an energy filter funded by the FFG (grant number 37120633). The authors thank Klara Neumayr, Ayca Senol Güngör, and Lorenz Gruber for valuable discussions and support with lab work. N.K. thanks Oskar Paris from Montanuniversität Leoben for providing access to the gas sorption analyzer.","_id":"20593","month":"10","quality_controlled":"1","OA_place":"publisher","status":"public","intvolume":"        10","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-11-02T23:01:35Z","abstract":[{"text":"“Quasi-solid-state” conversion mechanisms using sparingly solvating electrolytes (SPSEs) bridge the gap between traditional solid–liquid–solid and solid-state sulfur conversion in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Although these terms are commonly used, their precise distinctions and impacts on key performance metrics, such as rate capability, energy density, and capacity fading, remain poorly understood. In this work, we employ operando small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering alongside cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) to compare Li–S batteries in sparingly solvating and solvating ether-based electrolytes. We find that, unlike solvating electrolytes, SPSEs lead to an extended presence of lithium sulfide during cycling, coexisting with sulfur at a 50% state of charge and beyond. In the charged state, solid sulfur is present in its amorphous form inside the carbon black nanopores. These findings indicate that the limited solubility confines polysulfides in regions near the carbon surface, where these polysulfides enable conversion between the coexisting solid discharge and charge product.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2380-8195"]},"year":"2025","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093","external_id":{"isi":["001600396000001"]},"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"software","url":" https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17144229"}]},"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_size":9307654,"success":1,"file_id":"20597","relation":"main_file","checksum":"368eb041c395a5155218f858947df419","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2025-11-04T07:56:19Z","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_ACSEnergyLetters_Dutta.pdf","date_updated":"2025-11-04T07:56:19Z"}]}