--- res: bibo_abstract: - Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals individual differences in neural correlates of cognition but faces scalability challenges due to cognitive demands, protocol variability, and limited task coverage in large datasets. Here, we propose DeepTaskGen, a deep-learning approach that synthesizes non-acquired task-based contrast maps from resting-state (rs-) fMRI. We validate this approach using the Human Connectome Project lifespan data, then generate 47 contrast maps from 7 different cognitive tasks for over 20,000 individuals from UK Biobank. DeepTaskGen outperforms several benchmarks in generating synthetic task-contrast maps, achieving superior reconstruction performance while retaining inter-individual variation essential for biomarker development. We further show comparable or superior predictive performance of synthetic maps relative to actual maps and rs-connectomes across diverse demographic, cognitive, and clinical variables. This approach facilitates the study of individual differences and the generation of task-related biomarkers by enabling the generation of arbitrary functional cognitive tasks from readily available rs-fMRI data.@eng bibo_authorlist: - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Emin foaf_name: Serin, Emin foaf_surname: Serin - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Kerstin foaf_name: Ritter, Kerstin foaf_surname: Ritter - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Gunter foaf_name: Schumann, Gunter foaf_surname: Schumann - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Tobias foaf_name: Banaschewski, Tobias foaf_surname: Banaschewski - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Andre foaf_name: Marquand, Andre foaf_surname: Marquand - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Henrik foaf_name: Walter, Henrik foaf_surname: Walter - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: George foaf_name: Ogoh, George foaf_surname: Ogoh - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Bernd Carsten foaf_name: Stahl, Bernd Carsten foaf_surname: Stahl - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Ragnhild foaf_name: Brandlistuen, Ragnhild foaf_surname: Brandlistuen - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Tamara foaf_name: Schikowski, Tamara foaf_surname: Schikowski - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Allan H. foaf_name: Young, Allan H. foaf_surname: Young - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Yu foaf_name: Xinyang, Yu foaf_surname: Xinyang - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Zuo foaf_name: Zhang, Zuo foaf_surname: Zhang - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Kofoworola foaf_name: Agunbiade, Kofoworola foaf_surname: Agunbiade - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Di foaf_name: Chen, Di foaf_surname: Chen - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Sylvane foaf_name: Desrivières, Sylvane foaf_surname: Desrivières - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Nicholas foaf_name: Clinton, Nicholas foaf_surname: Clinton - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Paul foaf_name: Thompson, Paul foaf_surname: Thompson - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Venessa foaf_name: Köhler, Venessa foaf_surname: Köhler - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Ameli foaf_name: Schwalber, Ameli foaf_surname: Schwalber - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Vince D. foaf_name: Calhoun, Vince D. foaf_surname: Calhoun - 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foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Tristram A. foaf_name: Lett, Tristram A. foaf_surname: Lett - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Hedi foaf_name: Kebir, Hedi foaf_surname: Kebir - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Elli foaf_name: Polemiti, Elli foaf_surname: Polemiti - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Esther foaf_name: Hitchen, Esther foaf_surname: Hitchen - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Marcel foaf_name: Jentsch, Marcel foaf_surname: Jentsch - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Emin foaf_name: Serin, Emin foaf_surname: Serin - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Antoine foaf_name: Bernas, Antoine foaf_surname: Bernas - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Nilakshi foaf_name: Vaidya, Nilakshi foaf_surname: Vaidya - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Sven foaf_name: Twardziok, Sven foaf_surname: Twardziok - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Markus foaf_name: Ralser, Markus foaf_surname: Ralser - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Andreas foaf_name: Heinz, Andreas foaf_surname: Heinz - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Gunter foaf_name: Schumann, Gunter foaf_surname: Schumann bibo_doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-09158-6 bibo_volume: 8 dct_date: 2025^xs_gYear dct_identifier: - UT:001614464000001 dct_isPartOf: - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2399-3642 dct_language: eng dct_publisher: Springer Nature@ dct_title: Generating synthetic task-based brain fingerprints for population neuroscience using deep learning@ fabio_hasPubmedId: '41238730' ...