---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20670'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'β-Barrel nanopores are involved in crucial biological processes, from ATP
    export in mitochondria to bacterial resistance, and represent a promising platform
    for emerging sequencing technologies. However, in contrast to ion channels, the
    understanding of the fundamental principles governing ion transport through these
    nanopores remains largely unexplored. Here we integrate experimental, numerical
    and theoretical approaches to elucidate ion transport mechanisms in β-barrel nanopores.
    We identify and characterize two distinct nonlinear phenomena: open-pore rectification
    and gating. Through extensive mutation analysis of aerolysin nanopores, we demonstrate
    that open-pore rectification is caused by ionic accumulation driven by the distribution
    of lumen charges. In addition, we provide converging evidence suggesting that
    gating is controlled by electric fields dissociating counterions from lumen charges,
    promoting local structural deformations. Our findings establish a rigorous framework
    for characterizing and understanding ion transport processes in protein-based
    nanopores, enabling the design of adaptable nanofluidic biotechnologies. We illustrate
    this by optimizing an aerolysin mutant for computing applications.'
acknowledgement: We are grateful to M. Mayer and G. van der Goot for their insightful
  discussions and thoughtful feedback. We acknowledge funding from the European Research
  Council (grants 101020445—2D-LIQUID N.R. and A.R., MSCA number 101034413 P.R.),
  the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 205321_192371 and 200021L_212128 to
  M.D.P., TMPFP2-217134 to T.E., and IZSEZ0_183779 to J.H.G. and A.R.) and the Swiss
  National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) for access to the HPC resources used to run
  MD simulations. We thank the staff members of the Dubochet Center for Imaging in
  Lausanne, in particular E. Uchikawa and S. Nazarov, for their assistance with cryo-EM
  sample preparation and data collection. We thank A. Antanasijevic and Y. Duhoo from
  EPFL Protein Production and Structure Core Facility for their support in cryo-EM
  data processing.
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Mayer, Simon
  last_name: Mayer
- first_name: Marianna Fanouria
  full_name: Mitsioni, Marianna Fanouria
  last_name: Mitsioni
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Robin, Paul
  id: 48c58128-57b0-11ee-9095-dc28fd97fc1d
  last_name: Robin
  orcid: 0000-0002-5728-9189
- first_name: Lukas
  full_name: Van Den Heuvel, Lukas
  last_name: Van Den Heuvel
- first_name: Nathan
  full_name: Ronceray, Nathan
  last_name: Ronceray
- first_name: Maria Jose
  full_name: Marcaida, Maria Jose
  last_name: Marcaida
- first_name: Luciano A.
  full_name: Abriata, Luciano A.
  last_name: Abriata
- first_name: Lucien F.
  full_name: Krapp, Lucien F.
  last_name: Krapp
- first_name: Jana S.
  full_name: Anton, Jana S.
  last_name: Anton
- first_name: Sarah
  full_name: Soussou, Sarah
  last_name: Soussou
- first_name: Justin
  full_name: Jeanneret-Grosjean, Justin
  last_name: Jeanneret-Grosjean
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Fulciniti, Alessandro
  last_name: Fulciniti
- first_name: Alexia
  full_name: Möller, Alexia
  last_name: Möller
- first_name: Sarah
  full_name: Vacle, Sarah
  last_name: Vacle
- first_name: Lely
  full_name: Feletti, Lely
  last_name: Feletti
- first_name: Henry
  full_name: Brinkerhoff, Henry
  last_name: Brinkerhoff
- first_name: Andrew H.
  full_name: Laszlo, Andrew H.
  last_name: Laszlo
- first_name: Jens H.
  full_name: Gundlach, Jens H.
  last_name: Gundlach
- first_name: Theo
  full_name: Emmerich, Theo
  last_name: Emmerich
- first_name: Matteo
  full_name: Dal Peraro, Matteo
  last_name: Dal Peraro
- first_name: Aleksandra
  full_name: Radenovic, Aleksandra
  last_name: Radenovic
citation:
  ama: Mayer S, Mitsioni MF, Robin P, et al. Lumen charge governs gated ion transport
    in β-barrel nanopores. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6">10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6</a>
  apa: Mayer, S., Mitsioni, M. F., Robin, P., Van Den Heuvel, L., Ronceray, N., Marcaida,
    M. J., … Radenovic, A. (2025). Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel
    nanopores. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6</a>
  chicago: Mayer, Simon, Marianna Fanouria Mitsioni, Paul Robin, Lukas Van Den Heuvel,
    Nathan Ronceray, Maria Jose Marcaida, Luciano A. Abriata, et al. “Lumen Charge
    Governs Gated Ion Transport in β-Barrel Nanopores.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6</a>.
  ieee: S. Mayer <i>et al.</i>, “Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel
    nanopores,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2025.
  ista: Mayer S, Mitsioni MF, Robin P, Van Den Heuvel L, Ronceray N, Marcaida MJ,
    Abriata LA, Krapp LF, Anton JS, Soussou S, Jeanneret-Grosjean J, Fulciniti A,
    Möller A, Vacle S, Feletti L, Brinkerhoff H, Laszlo AH, Gundlach JH, Emmerich
    T, Dal Peraro M, Radenovic A. 2025. Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in
    β-barrel nanopores. Nature Nanotechnology.
  mla: Mayer, Simon, et al. “Lumen Charge Governs Gated Ion Transport in β-Barrel
    Nanopores.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6">10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6</a>.
  short: S. Mayer, M.F. Mitsioni, P. Robin, L. Van Den Heuvel, N. Ronceray, M.J. Marcaida,
    L.A. Abriata, L.F. Krapp, J.S. Anton, S. Soussou, J. Jeanneret-Grosjean, A. Fulciniti,
    A. Möller, S. Vacle, L. Feletti, H. Brinkerhoff, A.H. Laszlo, J.H. Gundlach, T.
    Emmerich, M. Dal Peraro, A. Radenovic, Nature Nanotechnology (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-23T23:01:40Z
date_published: 2025-11-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-18T18:25:33Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: EdHa
doi: 10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001611698900001'
  pmid:
  - '41219410'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Nanotechnology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1748-3395
  issn:
  - 1748-3387
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel nanopores
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...