--- res: bibo_abstract: - Current models of X-linked and autosomal evolutionary rates often assume that the effective population size of the X chromosome (NeX) is equal to three-quarters of the autosomal population size (NeA). However, polymorphism studies of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans suggest that there are often significant deviations from this value. We have computed fixation rates of beneficial and deleterious mutations at X-linked and autosomal sites when this occurs. We find that NeX/NeA is a crucial parameter for the rates of evolution of X-linked sites compared to autosomal sites. Faster-X evolution due to the fixation of beneficial mutations can occur under a much wider range of levels of dominance when NeX/N eA > 3/4. We also examined various parameters that are known to influence the rates of evolution at X-linked and autosomal sites, such as different mutation rates in males and females and mutations that are sexually antagonistic, to determine which cases can lead to faster-X evolution. We show that, when the rate of nonsynonymous evolution is normalized by the rate of neutral evolution, a sex difference in mutation rate has no influence on the conditions for faster-X evolution.@eng bibo_authorlist: - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Beatriz foaf_name: Beatriz Vicoso foaf_surname: Vicoso foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306 - foaf_Person: foaf_givenName: Brian foaf_name: Charlesworth, Brian foaf_surname: Charlesworth bibo_doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x bibo_issue: '9' bibo_volume: 63 dct_date: 2009^xs_gYear dct_publisher: Wiley-Blackwell@ dct_title: 'Effective population size and the faster-X effect: An extended model@' ...