{"file_date_updated":"2025-12-01T08:28:00Z","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2025-11-30T23:02:07Z","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"citation":{"ama":"Wadhia V, Meier F, Fedele F, et al. Entropic costs of extracting classical ticks from a quantum clock. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2025;135(20). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5rtj-djfk\">10.1103/5rtj-djfk</a>","mla":"Wadhia, Vivek, et al. “Entropic Costs of Extracting Classical Ticks from a Quantum Clock.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 135, no. 20, 200407, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5rtj-djfk\">10.1103/5rtj-djfk</a>.","short":"V. Wadhia, F. Meier, F. Fedele, R. Silva, N. Nurgalieva, D.L. Craig, D. Jirovec, J. Saez Mollejo, A. Ballabio, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, M. Huber, M.T. Mitchison, P. Erker, N. Ares, Physical Review Letters 135 (2025).","apa":"Wadhia, V., Meier, F., Fedele, F., Silva, R., Nurgalieva, N., Craig, D. L., … Ares, N. (2025). Entropic costs of extracting classical ticks from a quantum clock. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5rtj-djfk\">https://doi.org/10.1103/5rtj-djfk</a>","chicago":"Wadhia, Vivek, Florian Meier, Federico Fedele, Ralph Silva, Nuriya Nurgalieva, David L. Craig, Daniel Jirovec, et al. “Entropic Costs of Extracting Classical Ticks from a Quantum Clock.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/5rtj-djfk\">https://doi.org/10.1103/5rtj-djfk</a>.","ista":"Wadhia V, Meier F, Fedele F, Silva R, Nurgalieva N, Craig DL, Jirovec D, Saez Mollejo J, Ballabio A, Chrastina D, Isella G, Huber M, Mitchison MT, Erker P, Ares N. 2025. Entropic costs of extracting classical ticks from a quantum clock. Physical Review Letters. 135(20), 200407.","ieee":"V. Wadhia <i>et al.</i>, “Entropic costs of extracting classical ticks from a quantum clock,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 135, no. 20. American Physical Society, 2025."},"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","publication":"Physical Review Letters","doi":"10.1103/5rtj-djfk","date_updated":"2025-12-01T15:39:14Z","article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","scopus_import":"1","article_number":"200407","ddc":["530"],"status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"20","publisher":"American Physical Society","external_id":{"isi":["001619305100001"],"arxiv":["2502.00096"]},"OA_place":"publisher","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":135,"_id":"20706","month":"11","date_published":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Vivek","last_name":"Wadhia","full_name":"Wadhia, Vivek"},{"last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Meier, Florian"},{"full_name":"Fedele, Federico","first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Fedele"},{"first_name":"Ralph","last_name":"Silva","full_name":"Silva, Ralph"},{"last_name":"Nurgalieva","first_name":"Nuriya","full_name":"Nurgalieva, Nuriya"},{"first_name":"David L.","last_name":"Craig","full_name":"Craig, David L."},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec","first_name":"Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime","id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","first_name":"Jaime","last_name":"Saez Mollejo"},{"full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Huber, Marcus","first_name":"Marcus","last_name":"Huber"},{"first_name":"Mark T.","last_name":"Mitchison","full_name":"Mitchison, Mark T."},{"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Erker","full_name":"Erker, Paul"},{"full_name":"Ares, Natalia","last_name":"Ares","first_name":"Natalia"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","PlanS_conform":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","intvolume":"       135","type":"journal_article","day":"14","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0031-9007"],"eissn":["1079-7114"]},"oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"We experimentally realize a quantum clock by using a charge sensor to count charges tunneling through a double quantum dot (DQD). Individual tunneling events are used as the clock’s ticks. We quantify the clock’s precision while measuring the power dissipated by the DQD and, separately, the charge sensor in both direct-current and radio-frequency readout modes. This allows us to probe the thermodynamic cost of creating ticks microscopically and recording them macroscopically. Our experiment is the first to explore the interplay between the entropy produced by a microscopic clockwork and its macroscopic measurement apparatus. We show that the latter contribution not only dwarfs the former but also unlocks greatly increased precision, because the measurement record can be exploited to optimally estimate time even when the DQD is at equilibrium. Our results suggest that the entropy produced by the amplification and measurement of a clock’s ticks, which has often been ignored in the literature, is the most important and fundamental thermodynamic cost of timekeeping at the quantum scale.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2025","arxiv":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors thank Georgios Katsaros for providing the device for this experiment, and Tony Apollaro, Ilia Khomchenko, and Gerard Milburn for discussions. V. W. acknowledges funding from UK Research and Innovation Grant No. EP/T517811/1. F. M., M. H., and P. E. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (Consolidator Grant “Cocoquest” No. 101043705). M. H. and P. E. acknowledge funding from the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science, and Research via the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) through Quantum Austria. R. S. acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation via an Ambizione Grant No. PZ00P2_185986. M. T. M. is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. N. A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (Grant Agreement No, 948932) and the Royal Society (No. URF-R1-191150). This project is cofunded by the European Union (Quantum Flagship project ASPECTS, Grant Agreement No. 101080167) and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union, Research Executive Agency, or UKRI. Neither the European Union nor UKRI can be held responsible for them.","file":[{"file_name":"2025_PhysReviewLetters_Wadhia.pdf","date_created":"2025-12-01T08:28:00Z","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":444198,"success":1,"relation":"main_file","checksum":"e5c89b95d0f52a38f2d2ada3483f3576","date_updated":"2025-12-01T08:28:00Z","file_id":"20718","creator":"dernst"}],"title":"Entropic costs of extracting classical ticks from a quantum clock","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"}}