{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"OA_place":"publisher","date_published":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","volume":106,"citation":{"ama":"Nicholson L, Stiperski I, Nitti G, et al. The second Hintereisferner experiment (HEFEX II): Initial insights into boundary layer structure and surface–atmosphere exchange processes from intensive observations at a valley glacier. <i>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</i>. 2025;106(10):E2143-E2169. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1\">10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1</a>","chicago":"Nicholson, Lindsey, Ivana Stiperski, Giordano Nitti, Rainer Prinz, Alexander Georgi, Alexander R. Groos, Thomas Shaw, et al. “The Second Hintereisferner Experiment (HEFEX II): Initial Insights into Boundary Layer Structure and Surface–Atmosphere Exchange Processes from Intensive Observations at a Valley Glacier.” <i>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</i>. American Meteorological Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1\">https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1</a>.","ieee":"L. Nicholson <i>et al.</i>, “The second Hintereisferner experiment (HEFEX II): Initial insights into boundary layer structure and surface–atmosphere exchange processes from intensive observations at a valley glacier,” <i>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</i>, vol. 106, no. 10. American Meteorological Society, pp. E2143–E2169, 2025.","short":"L. Nicholson, I. Stiperski, G. Nitti, R. Prinz, A. Georgi, A.R. Groos, T. Shaw, T. Sauter, M. Haugeneder, R. Mott, J.E. Sicart, B.W. Brock, R. Albers, B. Allegri, H. Barral, R. Biron, C. Charrondiere, C. Coulaud, A. Fischer, D. Reynolds, N. Richter, M. Schroeder, P. Vettori, A. Voordendag, C. Wydra, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 106 (2025) E2143–E2169.","mla":"Nicholson, Lindsey, et al. “The Second Hintereisferner Experiment (HEFEX II): Initial Insights into Boundary Layer Structure and Surface–Atmosphere Exchange Processes from Intensive Observations at a Valley Glacier.” <i>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</i>, vol. 106, no. 10, American Meteorological Society, 2025, pp. E2143–69, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1\">10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1</a>.","apa":"Nicholson, L., Stiperski, I., Nitti, G., Prinz, R., Georgi, A., Groos, A. R., … Wydra, C. (2025). The second Hintereisferner experiment (HEFEX II): Initial insights into boundary layer structure and surface–atmosphere exchange processes from intensive observations at a valley glacier. <i>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</i>. American Meteorological Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1\">https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1</a>","ista":"Nicholson L, Stiperski I, Nitti G, Prinz R, Georgi A, Groos AR, Shaw T, Sauter T, Haugeneder M, Mott R, Sicart JE, Brock BW, Albers R, Allegri B, Barral H, Biron R, Charrondiere C, Coulaud C, Fischer A, Reynolds D, Richter N, Schroeder M, Vettori P, Voordendag A, Wydra C. 2025. The second Hintereisferner experiment (HEFEX II): Initial insights into boundary layer structure and surface–atmosphere exchange processes from intensive observations at a valley glacier. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 106(10), E2143–E2169."},"month":"10","file_date_updated":"2025-12-01T08:08:34Z","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"Long-term funding of monitoring and infrastructure at Hintereisferner is provided by the Federal State of Tirol (Department of Hydrography and Hydrology) and the University of Innsbruck. The field participation of A. R. Groos, T. Shaw, R. Mott-Grünewald, M. Haugeneder, and R. Albers received Transnational Access from the European Union’s H2020 project INTERACT III, under Grant Agreement 871120. The research of J. E. Sicart, H. Barral, C. Coulaud, and R. Biron was supported by a grant from LabEx OSUG@2020 (Investissements d’avenir—ANR10 LABX56). The research of I. Stiperski and C. Charrondiere received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement 101001691). R. Mott acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Grant Agreement 200021_219918. Contributions of L. Nicholson, T. Sauter, and A. Giorgi were funded in whole or in part by a DFG-FWF WEAVE Grant (DFG Grant Agreement 543257843; FWF Grant-DOI 10.55776/PIN1775223). The Pléiades images/DEMs used in this study were provided by the Pléiades Glacier Observatory initiative of the French Space Agency (CNES) and Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS). We thank the residents of Rofen for patiently putting up with traffic and the noise and dust of helicopter rotations on Sundays and public holidays.","isi":1,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","external_id":{"isi":["001608037100001"]},"intvolume":"       106","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0010.1","date_updated":"2025-12-01T15:36:06Z","abstract":[{"text":"Mountain glaciers offer opportunities to observe boundary layer exchanges in conditions characterized by predominantly stable stratification, thermally driven winds, and varying surface roughness. Logistical challenges involved in instrumenting glacier surfaces mean that in situ observations remain relatively scarce, limiting the use of this outdoor laboratory. The second Hintereisferner Experiment (HEFEX II) was carried out on an Austrian Alpine glacier during summer 2023. This collaborative endeavor, involving 12 institutions from Austria, France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, represents an unprecedented set of observations of glacier microclimate. Instrumentation on the glacier surface consisted of eight 3-m and two 5-m weather stations equipped with multilevel eddy covariance systems and auxiliary instrumentation, and eight additional lower-specification weather stations. These operated successfully for 26 days with minimal data gaps. During a 3-day intensive observational period, additional instrumentation was deployed: a short-path ultrasonic anemometer installed very close to the glacier surface; a high-speed thermal camera capturing high-resolution boundary layer heat transport at the glacier centerline on a synthetic screen; 3D sampling of the glacier boundary layer using two meteorological UAVs; and a Streamline XR Doppler lidar capturing the structure of the above-valley atmosphere. These novel datasets are valuable for improving understanding of glacier–atmosphere exchange processes, the role of glaciers in valley circulation, and how both might be affected by continued climate change and glacier recession. Here, we detail the scientific goals and implementation of the campaign, describe the general weather conditions, and present first insights into what the observations reveal about the glacier boundary layer features observed during the campaign.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2025","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Nicholson","first_name":"Lindsey","full_name":"Nicholson, Lindsey"},{"full_name":"Stiperski, Ivana","last_name":"Stiperski","first_name":"Ivana"},{"first_name":"Giordano","last_name":"Nitti","full_name":"Nitti, Giordano"},{"first_name":"Rainer","last_name":"Prinz","full_name":"Prinz, Rainer"},{"full_name":"Georgi, Alexander","last_name":"Georgi","first_name":"Alexander"},{"full_name":"Groos, Alexander R.","first_name":"Alexander R.","last_name":"Groos"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Shaw","id":"3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e","orcid":"0000-0001-7640-6152","full_name":"Shaw, Thomas"},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Sauter","full_name":"Sauter, Tobias"},{"last_name":"Haugeneder","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Haugeneder, Michael"},{"full_name":"Mott, Rebecca","last_name":"Mott","first_name":"Rebecca"},{"last_name":"Sicart","first_name":"Jean Emmanuel","full_name":"Sicart, Jean Emmanuel"},{"full_name":"Brock, Ben W.","first_name":"Ben W.","last_name":"Brock"},{"full_name":"Albers, Roland","first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Albers"},{"last_name":"Allegri","first_name":"Balthazar","full_name":"Allegri, Balthazar"},{"first_name":"Hélène","last_name":"Barral","full_name":"Barral, Hélène"},{"full_name":"Biron, Romain","last_name":"Biron","first_name":"Romain"},{"last_name":"Charrondiere","first_name":"Claudine","full_name":"Charrondiere, Claudine"},{"last_name":"Coulaud","first_name":"Catherine","full_name":"Coulaud, Catherine"},{"full_name":"Fischer, Alexander","last_name":"Fischer","first_name":"Alexander"},{"first_name":"Dylan","last_name":"Reynolds","full_name":"Reynolds, Dylan"},{"full_name":"Richter, Niklas","last_name":"Richter","first_name":"Niklas"},{"full_name":"Schroeder, Marie","last_name":"Schroeder","first_name":"Marie"},{"full_name":"Vettori, Phillip","last_name":"Vettori","first_name":"Phillip"},{"last_name":"Voordendag","first_name":"Annelies","full_name":"Voordendag, Annelies"},{"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Wydra","full_name":"Wydra, Carlos"}],"_id":"20710","title":"The second Hintereisferner experiment (HEFEX II): Initial insights into boundary layer structure and surface–atmosphere exchange processes from intensive observations at a valley glacier","day":"01","date_created":"2025-11-30T23:02:08Z","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"date_updated":"2025-12-01T08:08:34Z","file_id":"20716","date_created":"2025-12-01T08:08:34Z","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","checksum":"5883fc6a9e499b9dbd9828e4993e5035","file_name":"2025_BulletinMeteorolSoc_Nicholson.pdf","file_size":3565187}],"publication":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","OA_type":"hybrid","issue":"10","page":"E2143-E2169","type":"journal_article","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"status":"public","PlanS_conform":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["550"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0003-0007"],"eissn":["1520-0477"]}}