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We find the majority of turnovers happened in the group Schizophora, which tend to have fewer genes on the F element (the chromosome homologous to the ancestral insect X chromosome) than lower dipterans, a factor previously hypothesized to facilitate turnover. Most derived X chromosomes have higher GC content than autosomes, consistent with a high prevalence of male-achiasmy in Diptera. In addition, an excess of gene movement out of the X is detected for most of these new X chromosomes, and many of these moved genes have high testis expression in Drosophila, suggesting that out-of-X gene movement contributes to the long-term demasculinization of X chromosomes."}],"_id":"20833","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-1253-6297","id":"02814589-eb8f-11eb-b029-a70074f3f18f","full_name":"Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra","first_name":"Lorena Alexandra","last_name":"Layana Franco"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-9752-7380","id":"4E099E4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Melissa A","full_name":"Toups, Melissa A","last_name":"Toups"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz","first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"Vicoso"}],"year":"2026","date_updated":"2026-06-10T09:21:49Z","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","date_published":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","title":"Research Data for 'Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera'","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"chicago":"Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, Melissa A Toups, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Research Data for ‘Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833</a>.","ieee":"L. A. Layana Franco, M. A. Toups, and B. Vicoso, “Research Data for ‘Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","apa":"Layana Franco, L. A., Toups, M. A., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2026). Research Data for “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833</a>","short":"L.A. Layana Franco, M.A. Toups, B. Vicoso, (2026).","ama":"Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. Research Data for “Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera.” 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833</a>","ista":"Layana Franco LA, Toups MA, Vicoso B. 2026. Research Data for ‘Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833</a>.","mla":"Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra, et al. <i>Research Data for “Causes and Consequences of Sex-Chromosome Turnovers in Diptera.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833</a>."},"type":"research_data","month":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","corr_author":"1","keyword":["Schizophora","sex chromosomes","sex-chromosome turnover","Diptera","genomic features","out-of-X movement."],"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833","oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2026-01-08T01:35:08Z","day":"8","file":[{"checksum":"0b79be6229f2ad9ac117ef00fc4f5c0e","content_type":"text/plain","relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_name":"README.txt","date_updated":"2025-12-17T10:09:25Z","file_size":1201,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"20834","creator":"llayanaf","date_created":"2025-12-17T10:09:25Z"},{"checksum":"daf1c03149dd170b14e5c8e109ee3c77","relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/zip","date_updated":"2025-12-17T10:10:11Z","file_size":19052849,"file_name":"Supplementary_Datasets.zip","file_id":"20835","access_level":"open_access","creator":"llayanaf","date_created":"2025-12-17T10:10:11Z"},{"file_id":"20837","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-12-17T10:12:05Z","file_size":4575,"file_name":"Perl_scripts.zip","relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/zip","checksum":"251e7aab01917c2ad2fbccf465492ea1","date_created":"2025-12-17T10:12:05Z","creator":"llayanaf"},{"checksum":"3cabf143b8cd286eae48c598da2b03bd","success":1,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/zip","date_updated":"2026-01-08T01:35:08Z","file_size":572362,"file_name":"Supplementary_Tables.zip","file_id":"20959","access_level":"open_access","creator":"llayanaf","date_created":"2026-01-08T01:35:08Z"}],"oa_version":"Published Version"}]