---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Pathogens may gain a fitness advantage through manipulation of the behaviour of
    their hosts. Likewise, host behavioural changes can be a defence mechanism, counteracting
    the impact of pathogens on host fitness. We apply harmonic radar technology to
    characterize the impact of an emerging pathogen - Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia)
    - on honeybee (Apis mellifera) flight and orientation performance in the field.
    Honeybees are the most important commercial pollinators. Emerging diseases have
    been proposed to play a prominent role in colony decline, partly through sub-lethal
    behavioural manipulation of their hosts. We found that homing success was significantly
    reduced in diseased (65.8%) versus healthy foragers (92.5%). Although lost bees
    had significantly reduced continuous flight times and prolonged resting times,
    other flight characteristics and navigational abilities showed no significant
    difference between infected and non-infected bees. Our results suggest that infected
    bees express normal flight characteristics but are constrained in their homing
    ability, potentially compromising the colony by reducing its resource inputs,
    but also counteracting the intra-colony spread of infection. We provide the first
    high-resolution analysis of sub-lethal effects of an emerging disease on insect
    flight behaviour. The potential causes and the implications for both host and
    parasite are discussed.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Stephan
      foaf_name: Wolf, Stephan
      foaf_surname: Wolf
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Dino
      foaf_name: Mcmahon, Dino
      foaf_surname: Mcmahon
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Ka
      foaf_name: Lim, Ka
      foaf_surname: Lim
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Christopher
      foaf_name: Pull, Christopher
      foaf_surname: Pull
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=3C7F4840-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
    orcid: 0000-0003-1122-3982
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Suzanne
      foaf_name: Clark, Suzanne
      foaf_surname: Clark
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Robert
      foaf_name: Paxton, Robert
      foaf_surname: Paxton
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Juliet
      foaf_name: Osborne, Juliet
      foaf_surname: Osborne
  bibo_doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103989
  bibo_issue: '8'
  bibo_volume: 9
  dct_date: 2014^xs_gYear
  dct_identifier:
  - UT:000339995100042
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Public Library of Science@
  dct_title: 'So near and yet so far: Harmonic radar reveals reduced homing ability
    of Nosema infected honeybees@'
...