---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20931'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Context. Asymmetries in the observed rotational splittings of a multiplet
    contain information about the star’s rotation profile and internal magnetic field.
    Moreover, the frequency regularities of multiplets can be used for mode identification.
    However, to exploit this information, highly accurate theoretical predictions
    are needed.\r\n\r\nAims. We aim to quantify the difference in the predicted mode
    asymmetries between a 1D perturbative method and a 2D method that includes a 2D
    stellar structure model, which takes rotation into account. We then place these
    differences between 1D and 2D methods in the context of asteroseismic measurements
    of internal magnetic fields. We only focus on the asymmetries and not on possible
    additional frequency peaks that can arise when the magnetic and rotation axis
    are misaligned.\r\n\r\nMethods. We coupled the 1D pulsation codes GYRE and StORM
    to the 2D stellar structure code ESTER and compared the oscillation predictions
    with the results from the 2D TOP pulsation code. We focused on zero-age main-sequence
    models representative of rotating β Cephei pulsators spinning at up to 20 per
    cent of the critical Keplerian rotation rate. Specifically, we investigated low-radial-order
    gravity and pressure modes.\r\n\r\nResults. We find a generally good agreement
    between the oscillation frequencies resulting from the 1D and 2D pulsation codes.
    We report differences in predicted mode multiplet asymmetries of mostly below
    0.06 d−1. Since the magnetic asymmetries are small compared to the differences
    in the rotational asymmetries resulting from the 1D and 2D predictions, accurate
    measurements of the magnetic field are in most cases challenging.\r\n\r\nConclusions.
    Differences in the predicted mode asymmetries of a rotating star between 1D perturbative
    methods and 2D non-perturbative methods can greatly hinder accurate measurements
    of internal magnetic fields in main-sequence pulsators with low-order modes. Nevertheless,
    reasonably accurate measurements could be possible with npg ≥ 2 modes if the internal
    rotation is roughly below 10 per cent of the Keplerian critical rotation frequency
    for (aligned) magnetic fields of the order of a few hundred kilogauss. While the
    differences between the 1D and 2D frequency predictions are mostly too large for
    internal magnetic field detections, the rotational asymmetries predicted by StORM
    are in general accurate enough for asteroseismic modelling of the stellar rotation
    in main-sequence stars with identified low-order modes."
acknowledgement: 'We thank the anonymous referee for their comments on the manuscript,
  Dario Fritzewski for providing the distribution of fractions of critical rotation
  for the β Cephei sample, and Zhao Guo for the discussions. The research leading
  to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under
  the Horizon Europe programme (Synergy Grant agreement N°101071505: 4D-STAR). While
  partially funded by the European Union, views and opinions expressed are however
  those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union
  or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority
  can be held responsible for them. V.V. acknowledges support from the Research Foundation
  Flanders (FWO) under grant agreement N°1156923N (PhD Fellowship). S.B.D. acknowledges
  funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
  under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement N°101034413. L.B. gratefully acknowledges
  support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon Europe programme
  (Calcifer; Starting Grant agreement N°101165631). J.B., M.R., S.M. and J.S.G.M have
  been supported by CNES, focused on the preparation of the PLATO mission. Computations
  with ESTER and TOP have made use of the HPC resources from the CALMIP supercomputing
  centre (Grant 2023-P0107). This research made use of the numpy (Harris et al. 2020)
  and matplotlib (Hunter 2007) Python software packages.'
article_number: A336
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: J. S.G.
  full_name: Mombarg, J. S.G.
  last_name: Mombarg
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Vanlaer, V.
  last_name: Vanlaer
- first_name: Srijan B
  full_name: Das, Srijan B
  id: 9ce7c423-dacf-11ed-8942-e09c6cb27149
  last_name: Das
  orcid: 0000-0003-0896-7972
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Rieutord, M.
  last_name: Rieutord
- first_name: C.
  full_name: Aerts, C.
  last_name: Aerts
- first_name: Lisa Annabelle
  full_name: Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle
  id: d9edb345-f866-11ec-9b37-d119b5234501
  last_name: Bugnet
  orcid: 0000-0003-0142-4000
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Mathis, S.
  last_name: Mathis
- first_name: D. R.
  full_name: Reese, D. R.
  last_name: Reese
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Ballot, J.
  last_name: Ballot
citation:
  ama: Mombarg JSG, Vanlaer V, Das SB, et al. Is a 1D perturbative method sufficient
    for asteroseismic modelling of β Cephei pulsators? Implications for measurements
    of rotation and internal magnetic fields. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>.
    2025;704. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557247">10.1051/0004-6361/202557247</a>
  apa: Mombarg, J. S. G., Vanlaer, V., Das, S. B., Rieutord, M., Aerts, C., Bugnet,
    L. A., … Ballot, J. (2025). Is a 1D perturbative method sufficient for asteroseismic
    modelling of β Cephei pulsators? Implications for measurements of rotation and
    internal magnetic fields. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557247">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557247</a>
  chicago: Mombarg, J. S.G., V. Vanlaer, Srijan B Das, M. Rieutord, C. Aerts, Lisa
    Annabelle Bugnet, S. Mathis, D. R. Reese, and J. Ballot. “Is a 1D Perturbative
    Method Sufficient for Asteroseismic Modelling of β Cephei Pulsators? Implications
    for Measurements of Rotation and Internal Magnetic Fields.” <i>Astronomy &#38;
    Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557247">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557247</a>.
  ieee: J. S. G. Mombarg <i>et al.</i>, “Is a 1D perturbative method sufficient for
    asteroseismic modelling of β Cephei pulsators? Implications for measurements of
    rotation and internal magnetic fields,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol.
    704. EDP Sciences, 2025.
  ista: Mombarg JSG, Vanlaer V, Das SB, Rieutord M, Aerts C, Bugnet LA, Mathis S,
    Reese DR, Ballot J. 2025. Is a 1D perturbative method sufficient for asteroseismic
    modelling of β Cephei pulsators? Implications for measurements of rotation and
    internal magnetic fields. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 704, A336.
  mla: Mombarg, J. S. G., et al. “Is a 1D Perturbative Method Sufficient for Asteroseismic
    Modelling of β Cephei Pulsators? Implications for Measurements of Rotation and
    Internal Magnetic Fields.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 704, A336,
    EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557247">10.1051/0004-6361/202557247</a>.
  short: J.S.G. Mombarg, V. Vanlaer, S.B. Das, M. Rieutord, C. Aerts, L.A. Bugnet,
    S. Mathis, D.R. Reese, J. Ballot, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 704 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-04T23:01:35Z
date_published: 2025-12-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-22T06:20:53Z
day: '19'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: LiBu
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202557247
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2511.09617'
file:
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       704'
language:
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month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101034413'
  name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
- _id: 914d8549-16d5-11f0-9cad-bbe6324c93a9
  grant_number: '101165631'
  name: 'Unveiling the mysteries of stellar dynamics: a pioneering journey in magnetoasteroseismology'
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1432-0746
  issn:
  - 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
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title: Is a 1D perturbative method sufficient for asteroseismic modelling of β Cephei
  pulsators? Implications for measurements of rotation and internal magnetic fields
tmp:
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