{"date_published":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","article_number":"92","external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07320"]},"title":"UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA","author":[{"full_name":"Labbe, Ivo","first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Labbe"},{"last_name":"Greene","full_name":"Greene, Jenny E.","first_name":"Jenny E."},{"last_name":"Bezanson","full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel","first_name":"Rachel"},{"first_name":"Seiji","full_name":"Fujimoto, Seiji","last_name":"Fujimoto"},{"first_name":"Lukas J.","full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J.","last_name":"Furtak"},{"first_name":"Andy D.","full_name":"Goulding, Andy D.","last_name":"Goulding"},{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"last_name":"Naidu","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P."},{"last_name":"Oesch","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A.","first_name":"Pascal A."},{"last_name":"Atek","first_name":"Hakim","full_name":"Atek, Hakim"},{"first_name":"Gabriel","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel","last_name":"Brammer"},{"last_name":"Chemerynska","first_name":"Iryna","full_name":"Chemerynska, Iryna"},{"full_name":"Coe, Dan","first_name":"Dan","last_name":"Coe"},{"first_name":"Sam E.","full_name":"Cutler, Sam E.","last_name":"Cutler"},{"first_name":"Pratika","full_name":"Dayal, Pratika","last_name":"Dayal"},{"last_name":"Feldmann","full_name":"Feldmann, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"last_name":"Franx","full_name":"Franx, Marijn","first_name":"Marijn"},{"last_name":"Glazebrook","full_name":"Glazebrook, Karl","first_name":"Karl"},{"full_name":"Leja, Joel","first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Leja"},{"full_name":"Maseda, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Maseda"},{"full_name":"Marchesini, Danilo","first_name":"Danilo","last_name":"Marchesini"},{"first_name":"Themiya","full_name":"Nanayakkara, Themiya","last_name":"Nanayakkara"},{"last_name":"Nelson","first_name":"Erica J.","full_name":"Nelson, Erica J."},{"last_name":"Pan","full_name":"Pan, Richard","first_name":"Richard"},{"first_name":"Casey","full_name":"Papovich, Casey","last_name":"Papovich"},{"full_name":"Price, Sedona H.","first_name":"Sedona H.","last_name":"Price"},{"last_name":"Suess","first_name":"Katherine A.","full_name":"Suess, Katherine A."},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Bingjie 冰洁","first_name":"Bingjie 冰洁"},{"first_name":"John R.","full_name":"Weaver, John R.","last_name":"Weaver"},{"last_name":"Whitaker","first_name":"Katherine E.","full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine E."},{"last_name":"Williams","full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","first_name":"Christina C."},{"last_name":"Zitrin","first_name":"Adi","full_name":"Zitrin, Adi"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"12","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["520"],"citation":{"short":"I. Labbe, J.E. Greene, R. Bezanson, S. Fujimoto, L.J. Furtak, A.D. Goulding, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, H. Atek, G. Brammer, I. Chemerynska, D. Coe, S.E. Cutler, P. Dayal, R. Feldmann, M. Franx, K. Glazebrook, J. Leja, M. Maseda, D. Marchesini, T. Nanayakkara, E.J. Nelson, R. Pan, C. Papovich, S.H. Price, K.A. Suess, B.冰洁 Wang, J.R. Weaver, K.E. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, A. Zitrin, The Astrophysical Journal 978 (2024).","apa":"Labbe, I., Greene, J. E., Bezanson, R., Fujimoto, S., Furtak, L. J., Goulding, A. D., … Zitrin, A. (2024). UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551</a>","mla":"Labbe, Ivo, et al. “UNCOVER: Candidate Red Active Galactic Nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 978, 92, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551</a>.","ama":"Labbe I, Greene JE, Bezanson R, et al. UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;978. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551</a>","ieee":"I. Labbe <i>et al.</i>, “UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 978. IOP Publishing, 2024.","ista":"Labbe I, Greene JE, Bezanson R, Fujimoto S, Furtak LJ, Goulding AD, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Oesch PA, Atek H, Brammer G, Chemerynska I, Coe D, Cutler SE, Dayal P, Feldmann R, Franx M, Glazebrook K, Leja J, Maseda M, Marchesini D, Nanayakkara T, Nelson EJ, Pan R, Papovich C, Price SH, Suess KA, Wang B冰洁, Weaver JR, Whitaker KE, Williams CC, Zitrin A. 2024. UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA. The Astrophysical Journal. 978, 92.","chicago":"Labbe, Ivo, Jenny E. Greene, Rachel Bezanson, Seiji Fujimoto, Lukas J. Furtak, Andy D. Goulding, Jorryt J Matthee, et al. “UNCOVER: Candidate Red Active Galactic Nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2026-02-10T06:44:24Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is revolutionizing our knowledge of z > 5 galaxies and their actively accreting black holes. Using the JWST Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) in the lensing field A2744, we report the identification of a sample of little red dots at 3 < zphot < 7 that likely contain highly reddened accreting supermassive black holes. Using a NIRCam-only selection to F444W < 27.7 mag, we find 26 sources over the ∼45 arcmin^2 field that are blue in F115W − F200W ∼ 0 (or βUV ∼ –2.0 for fλ ∝ λ^β), red in F200W − F444W = 1−4 (βopt ∼ +2.0), and are dominated by a point-source-like central component. Of the 20 sources with deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm coverage, none are detected individually or in a stack. For the majority of the sample, spectral energy distribution fits to the JWST+ALMA observations prefer models with hot dust rather than obscured star formation to reproduce the red NIRCam colors and ALMA 1.2 mm nondetections. While compact dusty star formation cannot be ruled out, the combination of extremely small sizes (〈re〉 ≈ 50 pc after correction for magnification), red rest-frame optical slopes, and hot dust can be explained by reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our targets have faint M1450 ≈ −14 to −18 mag but inferred bolometric luminosities of Lbol = 10^43–10^46 erg s^−1, reflecting their obscured nature. If the candidates are confirmed as AGNs with upcoming UNCOVER spectroscopy, then we have found an abundant population of reddened luminous AGNs that are at least ten times more numerous than UV-luminous AGNs at the same intrinsic bolometric luminosity."}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"I.L. acknowledges support from Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT220100798. J.E.G. and A.D.G acknowledge support from NSF/AAG grant #1007094, and J.E.G. also acknowledges support from NSF/AAG grant #1007052. L.J.F. and A.Z. acknowledge support by Grant No. 2020750 from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), and by the Ministry of Science & Technology of Israel. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant #140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. P.D. acknowledges support from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 (“ODIN”) and from the European Commission’s and University of Groningen’s CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. R.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This paper makes use of the ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA #2022.1.00073.S, 2018.1.00035.L, and 2013.1.00999.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"year":"2024","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"OA_type":"gold","publication_status":"published","file":[{"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_size":5041924,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"21201","file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Labbe.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2026-02-10T06:44:24Z","checksum":"825c35ebd26e292c8a5c2bffac327854","date_created":"2026-02-10T06:44:24Z","success":1}],"_id":"21064","date_created":"2026-01-28T15:26:12Z","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","PlanS_conform":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","volume":978,"date_updated":"2026-02-10T06:49:49Z","status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","arxiv":1,"day":"26","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       978","oa":1}